Psychology and Law Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an applied sub-discipline of psychology mentioned in the text?

  • Cognitive psychology (correct)
  • Sport psychology
  • Clinical psychology
  • Forensic psychology

    • What is a common characteristic shared by the development of all the sub-disciplines mentioned in the text?

  • They all focused on clinical disorders
  • They all had peer-reviewed research
  • They all had dedicated research laboratories (correct)
  • They all originated in the late nineteenth century

    • What is a key indicator mentioned in the text for the historical origins of sub-disciplines in psychology?

  • The establishment of professional associations
  • The presence of research scholars (correct)
  • The number of academic degrees and programs offered
  • The number of peer-reviewed research publications

    • Who ruled that a 7-year-old boy named John Wain was competent to provide testimony against a gang of bushrangers?

    <p>Judge Wylde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with originating the forensic interest in eyewitness testimony?

    <p>Hugo Munsterberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the importance of establishing both actus reus and mens rea in determining a defendant's culpability?

    <p>Coke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested a two-factor approach to assessing the credibility of child witnesses?

    <p>Ross, Jurden, Lindsay, and Keene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do academics and practitioners currently define forensic psychology?

    <p>A definition reflective of the content found in publications such as the Handbook of Forensic Psychology and the Handbook of Psychology and Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lens is commonly used to trace the historical roots of forensic psychology?

    <p>Scientific scholarship lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do commentators such as Monahan and Walker suggest about understanding the history of forensic psychology?

    <p>It can only be achieved by acknowledging the contributions of both psychology and law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor played a significant role in the early history of forensic psychology in Australia?

    <p>Scientific analysis of physical evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction?

    <p>A court that existed during the early period of British settlement in the Australian colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific scholarship lens used for in tracing the origin of forensic psychology in Australia?

    <p>Examining indicators related to empirical research, university involvement, professional recognition, and the emergence of professional associations and research journals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction in Australian history?

    <p>It played a crucial role in the administration of justice in the early colonial society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of mens rea?

    <p>The mental state or guilty mind of a person when committing a crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lens is commonly used to trace the historical roots of forensic psychology?

    <p>The scientific scholarship lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction in Australian history?

    <p>It played a significant role in the early history of forensic psychology in Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator mentioned in the text for the historical origins of sub-disciplines in psychology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do commentators such as Monahan and Walker suggest about understanding the history of forensic psychology?

    <p>It can only be achieved through acknowledging the contributions of both psychology and law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant narrative approach for the history of forensic psychology?

    <p>The scientific scholarship lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lens is commonly used to trace the historical roots of forensic psychology?

    <p>Legal scholarship lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator mentioned in the text for the historical origins of sub-disciplines in psychology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction in Australian history?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do commentators such as Monahan and Walker suggest about understanding the history of forensic psychology?

    <p>It should include both legal and psychological indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that a comprehensive history of mental health in Australia should include practice-based markers from the earliest days of the colony?

    <p>Lewis and Garton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court replaced the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction in New South Wales and Tasmania?

    <p>Supreme Court of New South Wales and the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first legally trained Judge Advocate appointed to the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction?

    <p>Ellis Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Judge Advocate in the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction?

    <p>Presiding justice, Crown prosecutor, and sentencing authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evidence was admitted in the 1790 case of William Chaff in the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction?

    <p>Analysis of straw found on the defendant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes did Ellis Bent introduce as the Judge Advocate in the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction?

    <p>Allowing defendants to be represented by legal representation and aligning verdicts with Common Law principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the study of individuals who may be falsifying their evidence to appear mentally ill?

    <p>Malingering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the court tasked with assessing the authenticity of a defendant's insanity plea in the case of William Smith and John Pagan?

    <p>1819</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason that Judge Wylde did not have to rule on William Smith's insanity claim?

    <p>The last piece of evidence proffered by the Crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason given by William Smith for his fit of insanity?

    <p>A skull fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Smith believe would happen if he were placed on trial for the crime?

    <p>He would be acquitted on the plea of insanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adoption of a psychological lens suggests that the origin of forensic psychology in Australia can be traced back to which time period?

    <p>Late 1800s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which lens is used to examine the origin of forensic psychology in Australia by looking at the development of processes and procedures in early colonial court records?

    <p>Legal adjudication lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The question of whether an individual charged with a crime is competent to stand trial has been of empirical interest to the field of forensic psychology for how long?

    <p>50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what was the outcome of the case of Daniel Gordon, who was charged with the theft of food and other supplies from the homes of settlers?

    <p>The case was adjourned for further evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John White, the colony's Principle Surgeon, conclude about Daniel Gordon's mental state during his examination?

    <p>Gordon was exhibiting symptoms of idiotism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case is often identified as a pivotal moment in the history of forensic psychology?

    <p>M'Naghten case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the M'Naghten Rules state about establishing a defense on the ground of insanity?

    <p>The defendant must prove they were laboring under a disease of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of forensic psychology when assessing the mental state of a defendant at the time of an alleged crime?

    <p>Assessing the defendant's mental capacity to appreciate the criminal nature of the act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the British House of Lords do in response to the M'Naghten case?

    <p>Formulated the M'Naghten Rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case in Australia pre-dates the M'Naghten case and involved the assessment of the insanity defense?

    <p>Charland's case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case is mentioned in the text as an early example of considering the mental state of a defendant at the time of the offense?

    <p>Samuel Barsby's case (1788)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first defendant in the history of the Australian legal system?

    <p>Samuel Barsby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ruling in Samuel Barsby's case?

    <p>Barsby was sentenced to 150 lashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided detailed guidance on the issue of mens rea and malice aforethought in the case of Rex v. McNaughton and Connor (1813)?

    <p>Ellis Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the issue of mens rea in the case of Rex v. McNaughton and Connor (1813)?

    <p>The defendants' intent to kill William Holness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Judge Advocate Bent's decision in McNaughton and Connor?

    <p>It was the first application of the concept of malice aforethought in Australian legal history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Judge Bent define murder in his opinion?

    <p>The killing of a fellow creature, wilfully and with malice aforethought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of malice aforethought in a charge of murder according to Judge Bent?

    <p>It is an essential character in every charge of murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the verdict returned by the Coroner's Jury in McNaughton and Connor?

    <p>A verdict of manslaughter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the trial for the two defendants in McNaughton and Connor?

    <p>They were found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to six months imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Sir Edward Coke's treatise on criminal laws in England, what two evidentiary components must be established to determine the culpability of a defendant?

    <p>actus reus and mens rea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is foundational to Common Law and has been of interest to forensic psychology in relation to criminal intent?

    <p>mens rea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Coke's principle suggest about a defendant's guilt in relation to the act and the mind?

    <p>A defendant must have both committed the act and had the intention to commit the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mens rea and criminal responsibility according to Packer?

    <p>Mens rea is intimately tied to an individual's cognitive capacity to understand or appreciate the seriousness of their actions at the time of the offence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mens rea in determining a defendant's guilt?

    <p>It is an important concept that establishes the defendant's intention to commit the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with providing a clear definition of the concept of malice aforethought in Australian legal history?

    <p>Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of psychological interest in witnesses in the courtroom?

    <p>Child witnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Munsterberg, what are the two key components that need to be addressed when evaluating whether a child witness should be permitted to provide testimony to the court?

    <p>Competency and credibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nurcombe, what is the definition of competency of a witness?

    <p>The capacity to provide reliable testimony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ross, Jurden, Lindsay, and Keene, how can the credibility of a child witness be assessed?

    <p>Through their cognitive ability and honesty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Sir Edward Coke, in order for a defendant to be guilty of a crime, it must be shown beyond a reasonable doubt that the person not only committed the act (i.e., guilty act) but also had a clear and demonstrable intention to commit the crime (i.e., guilty mind). This concept is known as

    <p>Mens Rea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between actus reus and mens rea in determining the guilt of a defendant?

    <p>Actus reus and mens rea are both necessary but not sufficient to establish guilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical significance of Sir Edward Coke's treatise on criminal laws in England?

    <p>It introduced the concept of mens rea in the legal system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mens rea in forensic psychology?

    <p>It is a legal concept that determines criminal responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Packer argue about the application of mens rea to criminal responsibility?

    <p>It is based on an individual's cognitive capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the concept of 'guilty mind' in forensic psychology?

    <p>It has potential implications for numerous areas within forensic psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case in Australia pre-dates the M'Naghten case and involved the assessment of the insanity defense?

    <p>Samuel Barsby's case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Judge Collins rule in Samuel Barsby's case?

    <p>Barsby was responsible for the attack and sentenced him to 150 lashes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided detailed guidance on the issue of mens rea and malice aforethought in the case of Rex v. McNaughton and Connor?

    <p>Ellis Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the trial for the two defendants in Rex v. McNaughton and Connor?

    <p>The outcome is not mentioned in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forensic Psychology Sub-Disciplines

    • Clinical psychology, counseling psychology, and neuropsychology are applied sub-disciplines of psychology.
    • Forensic psychology is not an applied sub-discipline of psychology.

    Historical Origins of Sub-Disciplines

    • The development of sub-disciplines in psychology shares the common characteristic of being influenced by historical events and social factors.
    • A key indicator of the historical origins of sub-disciplines in psychology is the emergence of new areas of study in response to social and economic changes.

    Forensic Psychology in Australia

    • The Court of Criminal Jurisdiction played a significant role in the early history of forensic psychology in Australia.
    • The Court of Criminal Jurisdiction was replaced by the Supreme Court in New South Wales and Tasmania.
    • Ellis Bent, the first legally trained Judge Advocate, introduced changes to the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction.
    • In the 1790 case of William Chaff, the Court of Criminal Jurisdiction admitted evidence of insanity.

    Key Concepts in Forensic Psychology

    • Mens rea refers to the guilty mind or criminal intent.
    • Actus reus refers to the guilty act.
    • Malice aforethought is a necessary component of a murder charge.
    • The M'Naghten Rules state that a defendant must be found to be not guilty by reason of insanity if they did not know what they were doing was wrong.
    • The concept of competency is foundational to Common Law and refers to a defendant's ability to stand trial.
    • Forensic psychology assesses the mental state of a defendant at the time of an alleged crime.
    • The concept of malingering refers to the study of individuals who may be falsifying their evidence to appear mentally ill.

    Historical Cases in Forensic Psychology

    • The case of John Wain (1816) is significant in the history of forensic psychology.
    • The case of Daniel Gordon (1817) is an early example of considering the mental state of a defendant at the time of the offense.
    • The case of Samuel Barsby (1817) pre-dates the M'Naghten case and involved the assessment of the insanity defense.
    • The case of Rex v. McNaughton and Connor (1813) is significant in the history of forensic psychology.
    • The M'Naghten case (1843) is often identified as a pivotal moment in the history of forensic psychology.

    Forensic Psychology and Witnesses

    • The focus of psychological interest in witnesses is on assessing their credibility.
    • Hugo Munsterberg suggested that a comprehensive history of mental health in Australia should include practice-based markers from the earliest days of the colony.
    • According to Munsterberg, two key components that need to be addressed when evaluating whether a child witness should be permitted to provide testimony to the court are the child's ability to understand the oath and their ability to provide accurate information.
    • According to Ross, Jurden, Lindsay, and Keene, a two-factor approach can be used to assess the credibility of a child witness.

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    Test your knowledge on the intersection of psychology and law with this quiz! Explore the court's consideration of psychological issues and the importance of both psychology and law in forensic analysis.

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