Psychology and Health: Personality Factors

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Questions and Answers

Which personality trait is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia according to recent research?

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Neuroticism (correct)

What was one of the significant findings regarding repressive coping mechanisms in patients with heart disease?

Repressive coping had no effect on physical health.

Repressors showed improved survival outcomes.

High anxious men showed poorer survival outcomes.

Repressors exhibited poorer survival outcomes. (correct)

What was the primary conclusion regarding Type-C personality traits and cancer outcomes in the study by Price et al (2001)?

Type-C traits predict higher mortality rates in cancer patients.

Type-C traits are linked to higher anxiety levels in cancer patients.

Type-C personality traits have no evidence of association with cancer outcomes. (correct)

There is a significant association between Type-C traits and positive cancer outcomes.

What kind of intervention was utilized during the Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment trial?

High-contact psychosocial support Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding from the meta-analysis by Jokela et al. (2014) regarding the Five Factor Model (FFM) and cancer risk?

No evidence of association exists between FFM traits and cancer risk or mortality. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome related to repressive coping was identified in the meta-analysis by Mund and Mitte (2012)?

Significant association with hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of repressive coping and coronary heart disease (CHD), what did Denollet et al. (2008) find about repressors?

Repressors had a two-fold increased risk for death and myocardial infarction. Signup and view all the answers

In the longitudinal study by Balsis et al. (2005), what percentage of individuals exhibited personality change before dementia diagnosis?

47% Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is suggested as a possible explanation for the adverse effects of repressive coping in heart disease according to Denollet et al. (2008)?

Repressors underestimate the effect of stress on their heart. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of personality change is most commonly associated with the onset of dementia?

Increased rigidity Signup and view all the answers

What coping strategy was most supported in McKenna et al. (1999) regarding breast cancer patients?

Denial and repression as a response to life stressors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective personality trait against dementia as found by Cipriani et al. (2015)?

Conscientiousness Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial intervention showed improved survival outcomes for high-anxiety men after a heart attack?

High-contact psychosocial support Signup and view all the answers

What association did McKenna et al. (1999) fail to establish between psychosocial factors and breast cancer?

That coping strategies could cause breast cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does repressive coping manifest as, based on findings in various studies?

Avoidance of emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

In relation to repressive coping mechanisms, what hallmark feature typically characterizes repressors as noted in the psychological literature?

Low trait anxiety and high defensiveness. Signup and view all the answers

How does repressive coping potentially impact overall physical health according to the content provided?

It can cause detrimental effects due to physiological stress responses. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome was observed in high anxious men after receiving psychosocial support in the Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment trial?

Improved survival outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most associated with Type D personality in cardiovascular disease outcomes?

Psychophysiological stress Signup and view all the answers

What outcome does Type C personality primarily predict according to Temoshok?

Cancer-prone behavior Signup and view all the answers

What finding was concluded from the Swedish prospective twin study regarding personality traits and cancer?

No association between neuroticism/extraversion and cancer risk Signup and view all the answers

How does anxiety relate to cancer according to limbic/endocrine systems research?

It offers protection against cancer Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussed theories, Type D personality is associated with which of the following unhealthy behaviors?

Increased smoking and alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait was shown to have a reduced presence in lung cancer patients compared to controls?

Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is associated with Type C personality traits?

Suppression of negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Type A personality and coronary heart disease (CHD) is accurate?

Recent studies have found no consistent association between Type A personality and CHD. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial mechanism is NOT a recognized factor linked with Type D personality?

Emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

What key characteristic distinguishes Type D personality from other personality types in the context of heart disease?

A pattern of negative affect and social inhibition. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant limitation of Kissen and Eysenck's study regarding personality and lung cancer?

Non-prospective nature of the study Signup and view all the answers

According to the meta-analysis by O'Dell et al. (2011), how is Type D personality associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL)?

Type D personality is negatively associated with HRQOL. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion was reached by Nakaya et al. regarding personality traits and cancer outcomes?

Personality traits have no relation to survival rates Signup and view all the answers

What finding related to Type D personality did Matsuishi et al. (2019) report in cardiovascular patients?

Individuals with Type D personality experience a prolonged duration of acute brain dysfunction. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that high blood pressure and stress hormones associated with Type A personality lead to coronary heart disease?

Type A theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings indicates a correlation between neuroticism and dementia risk?

Higher neuroticism leads to lower physical activity levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consistent predictor of longevity according to studies referenced?

Higher conscientiousness Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with lower conscientiousness are more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Higher risk for depression Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health-related behaviors, conscientiousness has been shown to be negatively related to which of the following?

Risky health-related behaviors Signup and view all the answers

In studies regarding personality and health outcomes, what commonality is associated with increased neuroticism?

Worse health profile Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of conscientiousness on heart disease intervention outcomes?

Increased adherence to treatment regimens Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait change is commonly observed in dementia patients?

Personality change commonly found in patients Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is suggested by the longitudinal studies regarding neuroticism's effects?

It increases dementia risk across various populations. Signup and view all the answers

Lower conscientiousness is associated with which of the following behavioral patterns?

Greater likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Repressive coping mechanisms are generally linked to which of the following personality characteristics?

High neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Personality & Cancer

No evidence of association between Type-C traits and cancer outcomes.
No association between the Big Five Personality Traits (FFM: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) and cancer risk or mortality.

Repressive Coping & Physical Health

Repressive coping is a strategy where individuals divert their attention from threatening stimuli, including their own health.
Repressors are individuals with low trait anxiety and high defensiveness, leading to a tendency to suppress negative emotions.
Repressive coping is linked to higher physiological arousal, despite reporting low levels of distress or anxiety.
Repressive coping is associated with increased risk for death and myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with coronary heart disease.

Dementia & Personality Change

Dementia is a syndrome involving cognitive and social symptoms that interfere with daily functioning.
Personality changes are frequently observed in individuals with dementia, including disinhibition, apathy, and increased rigidity.
47% of individuals with dementia exhibited personality changes prior to dementia diagnosis.
Neuroticism significantly increases the risk of dementia, while higher levels of conscientiousness appears to be protective.

Type D Personality & CHD

Type D personality is characterized by negative affect and social inhibition.
It is linked to increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Type D personality may contribute to adverse outcomes through increased stress, unhealthy lifestyles, and poorer treatment adherence.

Personality & Longevity

Conscientiousness is a consistent predictor of longevity.
Individuals with higher levels of conscientiousness tend to engage in fewer health-risk behaviors, thus contributing to improved lifespan.

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Description

Explore the connections between personality traits and various health outcomes, including cancer, repressive coping, and dementia. This quiz examines the role of personality in both psychological and physical health, highlighting trends and findings in recent research.