Psychology and Anthropology of Self
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Questions and Answers

The ______ Self is action and result oriented behavior.

Proactive

The ______ Self behaves like an agent, assuming no responsibility for actions.

Agentic

William James introduced the psychological state that obeys ______.

authority

The ______ Model suggests that people must adapt to their environment to live harmoniously.

<p>Global</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Model states individuals must differentiate environmental influences to fulfill their destinies.

<p>Differentiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

James argues that individuals cannot be all possible selves in all possible ______.

<p>ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

The field of ______ studies humans and the ways they live.

<p>Anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sociology studies the ways groups of people interact with each other and how their behavior is influenced by social ______.

<p>structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'I self' is the thinking, acting and feeling ______.

<p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Me self' comprises physical characteristics as well as psychological ______.

<p>capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anthropology studies human behavior more at the individual level, while sociology focuses more on group behavior and relations with social ______.

<p>structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of anthropology is to understand human ______ and cultural difference.

<p>diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary method of research anthropologists utilize is called ______ or participant observation.

<p>ethnography</p> Signup and view all the answers

The core of the material self is the ______.

<p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person's clothes were believed to be one way they expressed who they ______.

<p>are</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of sociocultural anthropology is to understand how people in different societies perceive themselves and the world ______.

<p>around them</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students with high EQ are unlikely to break rules and have good social __________.

<p>relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employees with high EQ can become effective leaders and agents of __________.

<p>change</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emotional intelligent people are not likely to develop __________ and anxiety.

<p>depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

CATASTROPHE refers to a large-scale event that creates tremendous feelings of __________.

<p>threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

MAJOR LIFE CHANGES can lead to health problems if they occur over a __________ period of time.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ritual is a specific, observable mode of behavior exhibited by all known ______.

<p>societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ritual that arises as needed, frequently in times of ______, is referred to as situational.

<p>crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emotions are ______, whereas feelings are subjective and based on beliefs and past experiences.

<p>physiological</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ ritual is performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar.

<p>calendrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feelings are a mental portrayal of what is going on when you experience an ______.

<p>emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prescriptive rituals are those required to be performed by a ______ or religious authority.

<p>deity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ceremonies are often traditional or religious acts performed at a ______ occasion to recognize an important event.

<p>formal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Situational rituals can serve to help individuals navigate periods of ______.

<p>transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ritual is defined as the performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or sacred ______.

<p>law</p> Signup and view all the answers

The biological response refers to lower level responses occurring in the brain, creating biochemical ______ in the body.

<p>reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

It’s what you bring of yourself, both emotionally and physically, to sex and relationships — what you do with that and how you share that with someone else. This includes ______.

<p>gender roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sexual self-esteem affects every sexual choice you make, including who you choose to have sex with and when, whether you limit yourself sexually, and whether you choose to use ______ or not.

<p>protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gender identity is how you feel inside and how you express your gender through clothing, behavior, and personal ______.

<p>appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most people feel that they’re either male or female, but some people feel like a masculine female, a feminine male, or ______.

<p>neither</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your sexual narrative — the stories we have and hold on to — influence our later ______.

<p>sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gender is also a social and legal status as girls and boys, men, and ______.

<p>women</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feelings about your body: How you feel about your body affects your ability to express yourself ______.

<p>sexually</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some people’s assigned sex and gender identity are pretty much the same, or in line with each other. These people are called ______.

<p>cisgender</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stories come out of the way sex was spoken about (or not) in the ______.

<p>family</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some people feel that their assigned sex is of the other ______ from their gender identity.

<p>gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proactive Self

A self that acts and focuses on results, rather than reacting to events.

Agentic Self

A self that acts like an agent, avoiding responsibility for actions or consequences, and only following orders.

Global Model

A model suggesting people must adapt to their environment to live harmoniously.

Differentiated Model

A model suggesting people must differentiate environmental impacts to achieve personal fulfillment.

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Psychological State of Obedience to Authority

A psychological state where a person obeys authority figures.

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William James

A psychologist and philosopher that researched the concept of self.

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Anthropology

The study of humans and how they live.

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I-self

The thinking, acting, and feeling aspect of oneself.

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Me-self

The physical and psychological aspects that make you who you are.

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Material Self

The objects and possessions that belong to a person, including the body.

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Sociology

The study of groups of people and how they interact within social structures and institutions.

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Ethnography

A research method using in-depth interaction with people to understand their culture.

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Sociocultural Anthropology

The study of how people in different societies perceive themselves and the world around them.

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James' view of 'I'

The 'I' self is the thinking self, considered inseparable and linked to the mind or soul.

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James' view of 'Me'

The 'Me' self is seen as an object, a separate 'thing' that a person refers to when describing their experiences, with further subdivisions (material, social, spiritual).

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Ritual

A set of actions prescribed by tradition or sacred law, performed by all known societies.

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Prescriptive Ritual

A ritual required by a deity or religious authority.

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Situational Ritual

A ritual that arises based on specific circumstances or needs.

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Calendrical Ritual

A ritual performed regularly according to a religious calendar.

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Occasional Ritual

A ritual performed when a specific need arises.

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Feelings

A mental portrayal of what is happening when you experience emotions.

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Emotion vs. Feeling

Emotions are physiological, while feelings are subjective based on beliefs and experiences.

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Physiological Response in Emotion

The body's physical reactions to emotions.

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Ceremony

A set of traditional or religious acts performed at a formal occasion.

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Biological Response

The body's biochemical reactions to emotions.

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Stressors

Events or situations that cause stress. These can come from within your personality, daily life, or major life changes.

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Life Stressors

Significant events or changes in a person's life that cause stress.

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Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

The ability to understand and manage your own emotions and those of others.

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Catastrophe

A sudden, unpredictable, and large-scale event that causes widespread stress and disruption.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition that develops after experiencing a traumatic event. Symptoms include anxiety, nightmares, and flashbacks.

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Sexual Self-Esteem

How you feel about yourself, both emotionally and physically, and how you share that with others.

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Gender Roles

Societal expectations about how men and women should behave.

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Sexual Narrative

Personal stories about sexuality developed in childhood.

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Gender Identity

How a person feels internally about their gender.

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Gender Expression

How a person outwardly expresses their gender.

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Cisgender

People whose assigned sex and gender identity align.

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Sex

Biological characteristics assigned at birth.

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Sexual Choices

Decisions regarding sex, relationships, and one's sexual activities.

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Body Scan

Reflection on feelings about one's body.

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Sexuality

How a person thinks and feels about sex and relationships.

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Study Notes

Psychology Perspective of Self

  • Psychology studies the cognitive, conative, and affective aspects of self-representation.
  • Self-concept is a systematic organization of beliefs, preferences, opinions, and attitudes about oneself.
  • William James' theory includes the "I" self (thinking self) and the "me" self (physical and psychological characteristics).
  • Material self comprises possessions, body, family, clothes, and money.
  • Social self is dependent on social situations and how one acts in those situations.
  • Spiritual self represents core values, personality, and conscience.
  • Real self-concept compares to ideal self-concept.
  • True self is moral, false self is protective.
  • Proactive self is action-oriented, agentic self is authority-driven.
  • Global model emphasizes adapting to environment, differentiated emphasizes differentiating environment.

Anthropology Perspective of Self

  • Anthropology studies humans at the individual level.
  • Sociology studies groups, institutions, social structures.
  • Ethnography, or participant observation, is a key research method.
  • Sociocultural anthropology investigates cultural perceptions of self and the world.
  • Culture encompasses social behaviors and norms.

Sociology Perspective of Self

  • Sociology studies social life, change, causes, and consequences of human behavior.
  • Socialization is the process of internalizing societal norms and ideals.
  • George Herbert Mead's symbolic interactionism emphasizes social interaction shaping self-image
  • The "me" is the socialized aspect, the learned behaviors and expectations of others and society, while the "I" is the response to the "me", or one's impulses.
  • Agents of socialization, including family, peers, media, religion, schools, and sports, influence the development of self-concepts.

Physical Self

  • Physical self refers to the tangible aspects of the body.
  • Physical self-concept is one's perception of physical ability and appearance.
  • Heredity involves the transmission of genetic characteristics.
  • Genotype is the set of genes, phenotype is the expressed characteristics.
  • Puberty involves significant physical changes with development of secondary sexual characteristics

Sexual Self

  • Sexuality is a multifaceted aspect encompassing physiological, interpersonal, cultural, emotional, and psychological factors.
  • Sexual self-esteem is how one feels and acts towards their sexuality.
  • Feelings about one's body, sexual narratives, and communication are crucial to developing sexual self-esteem.
  • Sexual activity includes diverse practices like kissing, petting, and intercourse.

Spiritual Self

  • Spiritual self is the internal workings of a person, including mind, behavior, beliefs, and morals.

  • Manifestations include will, intelligence, morals, and values.

  • Religion, worldview, and spirituality are interconnected concepts.

  • Rituals and ceremonies are traditional or religious acts.

Emotional Self

  • Emotion is a biological response to psychological experiences.
  • Emotions are physiological responses or subjective perceptions.
  • Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, and regulate emotions.
  • Emotional intelligence affects success, social relationships, and mental health.
  • Stress arises from various sources, including biological, psychosocial, and environmental needs.
  • Coping strategies help manage the effects of stress, including problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies.

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Psychology Perspective of Self PDF

Description

Explore the multifaceted concepts of self from both psychological and anthropological perspectives. Delve into the theories of self-concept by William James, including the 'I' and 'me' selves, as well as the social and spiritual aspects of identity. Understand how anthropology complements these ideas by examining human behavior at the individual level.

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