Psychology: Affect, Affective Style, and Equifinality

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What aspect of emotional experience could be specified by adding a third dimension?

Variability
Frequency
Duration (correct)
Intensity

How is affective style used in psychology?

To summarize commonalities among emotional states characteristic of an individual (correct)
To predict future emotional responses
To indicate the presence of mental illness
To explain cultural influences on emotions

What does the principle of equifinality in developmental psychopathology emphasize?

Multiple paths can lead to the same outcome (correct)
Cultural factors are the primary determinants of psychopathology
Most psychological disorders are predetermined
There is only one path to a particular outcome

How do cultural and social factors influence psychological disorders and biology?

They have a profound influence on both psychological disorders and biology (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what context do laws play a role in protecting individuals with abnormal behavior?

Civil commitment laws for legal declaration of mental illness (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does adding a time dimension to emotional experience differentiate surprise from joy?

By duration of the emotional experience (C) Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter system was found to be affected by serotonin based on the observation in crayfish battles?

Serotonin system (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do early stressful experiences impact serotonin levels according to the text?

Produce deficits in serotonin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stress during early development on the functioning of the HPA axis?

Can cause substantial changes in HPA axis functioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive science, what aspect is concerned with how information is stored and retrieved?

Memory retrieval (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the first animal learn in the conditioning example provided in the text?

The sound of the metronome meant meat powder came next (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do early psychological experiences affect vulnerability to psychological disorders later in life according to the text?

Increase vulnerability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the causes of psychological disorders according to the text?

An interaction of various dimensions including genetic distributions, behavioral and cognitive processes, social influences, and developmental factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is affected by Huntington's Disease as described in the text?

Basal Ganglia (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do genes influence physical development according to the text?

Genes provide boundaries to physical development (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is equifinality in developmental psychopathology?

The idea that there can be multiple paths to a particular outcome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are included in the multidimensional integrative approach to the causes of psychological disorders?

An interaction of all relevant dimensions like genetic distributions, behavioral processes, emotional influences, social influences, and developmental factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the causes of abnormal behavior?

Attributed to a complex interplay of nature (biology) and nurture (psychosocial factors) (B) Signup and view all the answers