Psychology 2019 International Exam Review

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Questions and Answers

What is analytical intelligence?

Mutual influence of external stimuli

Tendency to see events as under one's control

Critical thinking and problem solving (correct)

Facts

What is crystallized intelligence?

Facts (correct)

Tendency to see events as under one's control

Mutual influence of external stimuli

Critical thinking and problem solving

What does locus of control refer to?

Tendency to see events as either under one's personal control or subject to outside factors.

Define reciprocal determinism.

Mutual influence of external stimuli and cognitive processes in regulating behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is set-point theory?

Theory that body has a natural 'set point' weight range to which it prefers to operate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Flynn effect?

A secular increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed throughout the 20th century. Signup and view all the answers

What is rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?

A confrontational cognitive therapy that challenges illogical, self-defeating attitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus?

Associated with satiation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the lateral hypothalamus promote?

Eating behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the thalamus?

Sensory relay station of the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

Receives sensory input from the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pons?

Associated with sleep behavior and other autonomic functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus generalization?

Tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Define episodic memory.

Memory for a specific event. Signup and view all the answers

What does the psychodynamic perspective focus on?

Roles of the id, ego, and superego. Signup and view all the answers

What does the behavioral perspective focus on?

How rewards and punishments can influence behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the biological perspective focus on?

Role of genetics, anatomy, and physiological processes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the evolutionary perspective focus on?

Adaptive traits passing down through generations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the biopsychosocial perspective integrate?

Psychological, biological, and environmental influences on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of the humanistic perspective?

Helping individuals grow and reach their maximal potential. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social cognitive perspective focus on?

The role of environment and thought processes. Signup and view all the answers

What perspective is Rocio's therapy reflective of?

Humanistic. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality perspective is most associated with the self-actualizing tendency?

Humanistic. Signup and view all the answers

According to Diana Baumrind, what parenting style is associated with developing self-reliance in children?

Authoritative. Signup and view all the answers

What type of test is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

Projective. Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that intelligence can be classified into general and specific intelligence factors?

Charles Spearman. Signup and view all the answers

What is Parkinson's disease most closely associated with?

Decreases in levels of dopamine. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lewis Terman's studies on gifted children indicate?

They generally demonstrate above-average emotional stability and social satisfaction in adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

Stimulation of which brain area will lead a person to eat?

Lateral hypothalamus. Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, what happens with repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement is the use of tokens in token economies?

Secondary. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intelligence Concepts

Analytical intelligence: Involves critical thinking and problem-solving skills that help in reasoning and understanding complex ideas.
Crystallized intelligence: Represents accumulated knowledge and facts that individuals have learned over time.
Flynn effect: Describes the observed increase in IQ scores across generations throughout the 20th century.

Psychological Theories

Locus of control: Refers to the degree to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them; it can be internal (personal control) or external (controlled by outside forces).
Reciprocal determinism: Suggests that behavior is influenced by cognitive processes and external factors, highlighting the interplay between personal, behavioral, and environmental influences.
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT): A therapeutic approach that challenges irrational and self-defeating beliefs to change behavior patterns.

Brain Structures and Functions

Ventromedial hypothalamus: Associated with feelings of fullness and satiety after eating.
Lateral hypothalamus: Promotes hunger and eating behaviors when stimulated.
Thalamus: Acts as the brain's sensory relay station, processing and transmitting sensory information.
Somatosensory cortex: Receives and interprets sensory input from the body, including touch, pain, and temperature.
Pons: Plays a role in regulating sleep and autonomic functions, acting as a bridge between various parts of the nervous system.

Memory Types

Episodic memory: The memory associated with specific events and experiences from an individual's life.
Stimulus generalization: Occurs when a response is elicited by stimuli similar to a previously conditioned stimulus.

Psychological Perspectives

Psychodynamic: Emphasizes the interplay of the id, ego, and superego in behavior and personality dynamics.
Behavioral: Focuses on observable behaviors and how they are shaped by reinforcement and punishment.
Biological: Examines the influence of genetics, brain structure, and physiological processes on behavior.
Evolutionary: Investigates how adaptive traits are passed down through generations and their impact on survival.
Biopsychosocial: Integrates biological, social, and psychological factors in understanding behavior.
Humanistic: A perspective promoting personal growth and the achievement of one’s potential; focuses on self-actualization.

Parenting and Testing

Authoritative parenting: Associated with fostering self-reliance and confidence among children in the U.S., balancing support and expectations.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): A type of projective test used to assess personality and emotional functioning based on storytelling in response to ambiguous images.

Intelligence Theories

Charles Spearman: Proposed a two-factor model of intelligence, consisting of general intelligence (g) and specific abilities.

Neurological Conditions

Parkinson's disease: Characterized by lower levels of dopamine, leading to motor control issues and other cognitive effects.

Learning and Conditioning

Extinction in classical conditioning: Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.
Token economies: Use secondary reinforcers (tokens) to encourage desired behaviors, which can later be exchanged for primary reinforcers.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to intelligence and behavior, including analytical intelligence, crystallized intelligence, locus of control, and reciprocal determinism. It provides an effective review for students preparing for the 2019 International Practice Exam in Psychology.