Psychological Therapies Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a central criticism of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

  • It neglects to address patients' feelings.
  • It is too time-consuming for most patients.
  • It lacks empirical support in clinical settings.
  • It focuses primarily on symptoms rather than underlying causes. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of mindfulness according to Jon Kabat-Zinn?

  • Breathing practices
  • Embracing sensations non-judgmentally
  • Paying attention to the present moment
  • Setting future goals (correct)

    • What does Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) focus on?

  • Alleviating distress through medication.
  • Utilizing exposure therapy methods.
  • Grounding individuals in the present moment. (correct)
  • Applying cognitive restructuring techniques.

    • What is the primary aim of EMDR?

    <p>To alleviate distress from traumatic memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy method focuses on physiological responses rather than thoughts or emotions associated with trauma?

    <p>Somatic Experiencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies was developed by Marsha Linehan?

    <p>Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is emphasized in mindfulness to maintain awareness?

    <p>Non-judgmental acceptance of present experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In EMDR therapy, what kind of external stimulus is commonly used?

    <p>Therapist-directed lateral eye movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is true?

    <p>It includes strategies for embracing one’s thoughts and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) incorporate?

    <p>Combining mindfulness practices with cognitive strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of family therapy?

    <p>Resolving problems affecting the entire family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes self-help/support groups from traditional therapy?

    <p>They involve discussion, problem solving, and support among peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of psychodrama in group therapy?

    <p>To act out personal conflicts with supportive roles from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of cybertherapy?

    <p>Anonymity and accessibility for individuals unable to attend in-person therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common side effects associated with taking major tranquilizers?

    <p>Neurological disorders causing facial and mouth movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) serve?

    <p>To treat severe depression by inducing seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an emerging technique in biomedical therapies?

    <p>Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines psychosurgery?

    <p>Surgical procedures to alter brain function for mental health treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario typically prompts mental hospitalization?

    <p>When all other treatment options have been exhausted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of halfway houses/group homes?

    <p>To facilitate the transition from institutional living to independent living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes directive therapy compared to nondirective therapy?

    <p>The therapist actively interprets client statements and suggests actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is primarily utilized in client-centered therapy?

    <p>Active Listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'transference' refer to in psychoanalysis?

    <p>The client's ability to transfer emotional responses from past relationships onto the therapist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT associated with the client-centered therapeutic approach?

    <p>Resistance Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological therapy emphasizes the unconscious mind as a key focus?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method of trepanning was primarily used in ancient therapies for what purpose?

    <p>To alleviate presumed mental ailments by drilling into the skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of psychodynamic therapy compared to classical psychoanalysis?

    <p>Greater emphasis on transference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies is characterized by classical conditioning techniques?

    <p>Behavioral Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the foundational elements of drug therapies in biomedical treatments?

    <p>Pharmacological intervention to manage symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of aversive conditioning?

    <p>To create an aversion to something a person should avoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes systematic desensitization?

    <p>A technique that involves step-by-step exposure accompanied by relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a contingency contract in behavioral therapy?

    <p>To establish goals and consequences for behavior modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In operant conditioning, what does 'extinction' refer to?

    <p>The removal of a reinforcer to decrease a behavior's frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic technique inserts progressive relaxation into exposure therapy?

    <p>Systematic Desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates participant modelling?

    <p>Clients observe a skilled model demonstrating desired behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant objective of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

    <p>To assist clients in restructuring their irrational belief systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a token economy in the context of behavior modification?

    <p>Tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies focuses on cognitive distortions as part of its treatment process?

    <p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anticipated outcome of exposure therapies?

    <p>To reduce fear through repeated exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does psychodynamic therapy emphasize compared to traditional psychoanalysis?

    <p>Greater emphasis on transference and shorter treatment times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT considered part of Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy?

    <p>Active interpretation by the therapist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes directive therapy from nondirective therapy?

    <p>Directive therapy actively involves therapist interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does free association work in psychoanalysis?

    <p>Patients talk freely without fear of judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behavioral therapies?

    <p>Modification of observable behaviors through conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a historical method used in ancient therapies?

    <p>Trepanning practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological therapy primarily analyzes the transfer of feelings towards the therapist?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the concept of unconditional positive regard in therapy?

    <p>Respect and acceptance of the client without conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is characterized by techniques like classical conditioning to change behavior?

    <p>Behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic technique involves restating what a client says rather than interpreting it?

    <p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of exposure therapies?

    <p>To increase tolerance to anxiety by repeated exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major principle behind systematic desensitization?

    <p>Pairing relaxation techniques with anxiety-provoking stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of applied behavior analysis, what does the antecedent refer to?

    <p>The situation leading up to the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tokens play in a token economy?

    <p>They are exchanged for tangible rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a contingency contract in behavioral therapy?

    <p>To outline expected behavior changes and consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves observing a model perform a behavior and then imitating it?

    <p>Participant modelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Beck's Cognitive Therapy primarily address?

    <p>Cognitive distortions affecting mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In operant conditioning, what does the term 'extinction' imply?

    <p>Stopping a reinforcer to decrease a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does virtual reality exposure therapy primarily function?

    <p>By providing a safe simulated environment for exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment strategy of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

    <p>Challenging and restructuring irrational beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of mindfulness does Jon Kabat-Zinn emphasize as a core element?

    <p>Awareness of the present moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy technique incorporates both mindfulness and cognitive approaches?

    <p>Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary goal does Somatic Experiencing focus on addressing?

    <p>Physiological responses to trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) from other therapeutic approaches?

    <p>It emphasizes behavior change through acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In EMDR therapy, what is the primary method of simultaneously engaging the client?

    <p>Engaging external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about mindfulness practices?

    <p>Mindfulness requires complete silence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental principle does Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) embody?

    <p>Grounding oneself in non-judgmental awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is central to Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)?

    <p>A balance of acceptance and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the focus of mindfulness differ from traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Mindfulness addresses thoughts without analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic approach specifically aims to alleviate distress from traumatic memories through external stimulation?

    <p>EMDR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of family therapy?

    <p>Family members meet together with a therapist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention method used in psychodrama?

    <p>Role-playing and acting out conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant advantage does cybertherapy offer?

    <p>Anonymity and accessibility for those unable to travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes psychopharmacology?

    <p>It encompasses a range of drug types targeting mental health conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known limitation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

    <p>It can lead to transient cognitive side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common purpose of psychosurgery?

    <p>To alleviate severe and persistent mental health symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context are halfway houses/group homes typically used?

    <p>To assist with the transition from institutions to independent living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential complication may arise from taking Clozaril (clozapine)?

    <p>A potentially fatal white blood cell disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)?

    <p>It applies magnetic pulses to stimulate brain areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Therapy Lecture Objectives

    • Lecture objectives include Ancient Methods, Psychological Therapies, Biomedical Therapies, and Hospitalization.

    Ancient Methods

    • Trepanation was a practice of creating holes in the skull by boring, chipping, or bashing. It was often performed without anesthesia, and survival rates were low.
    • Philippe Pinel was a French physician who significantly contributed to the understanding of mental illness.

    Psychological Therapies

    • Directive vs. Nondirective Therapies:

      • Directive therapies involve therapists actively interpreting statements and suggesting behaviors or actions.
      • Nondirective therapies lean towards neutrality. Therapists avoid interpretations or advice.

    • Psychoanalysis:

      • Focuses on uncovering the unconscious mind.
      • Techniques include dream analysis, resistance analysis, and transference analysis. Transference involves transferring feelings for important figures onto the therapist.
      • Free association, where patients discuss whatever comes to mind without judgment, is also used.

    • Psychodynamic Therapies:

      • Build on psychoanalysis, but with a wider scope of focus and shorter treatment times.
      • Emphasizes transference.
      • Therapeutic approach tends to be more direct.

    • Client-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers):

      • Nondirective.
      • Techniques include active listening, reflection (restatement of client's statements), unconditional positive regard, empathy, and authenticity.

    • Behavioral Therapies:

      • Often directive.
      • Techniques such as classical conditioning (e.g., nocturnal bed wetting treatment, aversive conditioning – using unpleasant feelings to discourage a behavior, such as Antabuse).
      • Exposure Therapies, such as virtual reality exposure therapy, and systematic desensitization combined with progressive relaxation.
      • Participant modelling (observing and imitating others to model a desired behavior)

    • Operant Conditioning/ABA

      • Behaviour Modification & Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
      • Modifies undesirable responses to substitute with desirable ones.
      • ABA involves identifying the antecedent (initial situation), behavior, and consequence (reinforcer associated with the behavior).
      • Extinction techniques, time-outs are used to reduce undesirable behaviors.
      • Behavioral techniques like token economies (accumulating tokens for rewards), and contingency contracts (formal agreements for behavior change) are used.

    • Cognitive Therapies

      • Includes Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and Beck's Cognitive Therapy, challenging irrational beliefs and restructuring thinking.

    • Mindfulness Therapies:

      • Emphasize mindfulness as a process of awareness on purpose in the present moment. Focus on non-judgmental acceptance of sensations.
      • Includes practices like breathing exercises.
      • Mindfulness-based therapies encompass MBSR, DBT, MBCT, and ACT.

    • EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing):

      • A non-traditional approach for reducing distress from traumatic memories.
      • Involves focusing on emotionally upsetting experiences and using external stimuli (e.g., eye movements, tapping) simultaneously.

    • Body-Based Therapies (Somatic Experiencing):

      • Focus on physiological responses during traumatic events, rather than accompanying thoughts or emotions.

    • Family Therapy:

      • A group therapy approach for families with shared concerns.

    • Self-Help/Support Groups:

      • Individuals with similar problems meet without a therapist to discuss, solve problems, and support each other socially and emotionally.

    • Group Therapy

      • Group settings, like Psychodrama (clients act out conflicts with supporting roles), are explored in specialized issue groups.

    • Cybertherapy:

      • Online therapy, offered using digital means.

    Biomedical Therapies

    • Psychopharmacology: Treatment with medication (antipsychotics, anti-anxiety, antimanic, antidepressants).
    • ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy): Electrical stimulation for severe depression. Techniques involve placing electrodes on the head and using an electric current to induce a seizure.
    • rTMS (Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation): Using magnetic pulses to treat disorders.
    • tDCS (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation): Using low-amplitude electric currents to stimulate the brain.
    • Psychosurgery (rare): Surgical procedures to treat mental disorders. Example: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy.
    • Hospitalization: Inpatient care for mental health. Covers partial hospitalization and halfway houses.

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    Description

    Explore the various methods of psychological therapies, including ancient practices and contemporary techniques. This quiz covers directive and nondirective therapies, as well as psychoanalysis and its components. Illuminate your understanding of mental health treatment through historical and modern lenses.

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