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What is reification in the context of personality?
What is reification in the context of personality?
According to the text, which of the following is considered a stable aspect of personality?
According to the text, which of the following is considered a stable aspect of personality?
What does reification not consider 'extraversion' to be similar to?
What does reification not consider 'extraversion' to be similar to?
In what way is 'extraversion' not located according to the text?
In what way is 'extraversion' not located according to the text?
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What is an example used in the text to illustrate stability across situations?
What is an example used in the text to illustrate stability across situations?
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What does reification consider 'extraversion' to be unlike?
What does reification consider 'extraversion' to be unlike?
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What does 'reification' involve treating as if they are real or tangible?
What does 'reification' involve treating as if they are real or tangible?
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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need motivates behavior from the strongest at the bottom to the weakest at the top?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need motivates behavior from the strongest at the bottom to the weakest at the top?
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What are the three trait dimensions proposed by Hans Eysenck?
What are the three trait dimensions proposed by Hans Eysenck?
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What do humanistic theories emphasize in contrast to psychoanalytic and behavioral theories?
What do humanistic theories emphasize in contrast to psychoanalytic and behavioral theories?
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Which theory emphasizes conditions of worth set by parents, self-concept development, and the importance of unconditional positive regard?
Which theory emphasizes conditions of worth set by parents, self-concept development, and the importance of unconditional positive regard?
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What are the characteristics of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
What are the characteristics of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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What are the 'Big Five' factors identified in modern personality research?
What are the 'Big Five' factors identified in modern personality research?
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What is the prevalence range of personality disorders in the general population?
What is the prevalence range of personality disorders in the general population?
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According to Freud's structural model of the mind, which component is driven by biological instinctual drives?
According to Freud's structural model of the mind, which component is driven by biological instinctual drives?
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What is the main aim of projective tests like the Rorschach Inkblot and Thematic Apperception Test?
What is the main aim of projective tests like the Rorschach Inkblot and Thematic Apperception Test?
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In psychosexual development, what occurs when pleasure-seeking energy remains in a stage due to excessive gratification or frustration?
In psychosexual development, what occurs when pleasure-seeking energy remains in a stage due to excessive gratification or frustration?
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Which psychologist introduced body type theories related to bodily fluids and somatotypes?
Which psychologist introduced body type theories related to bodily fluids and somatotypes?
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'Unhealthy personalities develop when there is an overreliance on defense mechanisms, an overly strong id or superego, or a weak ego.' Which concept does this statement relate to?
'Unhealthy personalities develop when there is an overreliance on defense mechanisms, an overly strong id or superego, or a weak ego.' Which concept does this statement relate to?
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'The Oedipus and Electra conflicts are key concepts in Freudian theory, involving sexual attraction and fear of parental figures.' What do these conflicts primarily involve?
'The Oedipus and Electra conflicts are key concepts in Freudian theory, involving sexual attraction and fear of parental figures.' What do these conflicts primarily involve?
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What does the conscious mind store?
What does the conscious mind store?
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Which cluster of personality disorders includes disorders characterized by violating others' rights, impulsivity, and lack of remorse?
Which cluster of personality disorders includes disorders characterized by violating others' rights, impulsivity, and lack of remorse?
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In which type of personality disorder do individuals feel their symptoms are part of who they are, with little desire to change?
In which type of personality disorder do individuals feel their symptoms are part of who they are, with little desire to change?
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Which personality disorder involves extreme social avoidance and fears of socializing?
Which personality disorder involves extreme social avoidance and fears of socializing?
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Which personality disorder is characterized by pervasive suspiciousness and distrust?
Which personality disorder is characterized by pervasive suspiciousness and distrust?
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Which personality disorder includes perfectionism, excessive concern for order and control, and preoccupation with rules and work?
Which personality disorder includes perfectionism, excessive concern for order and control, and preoccupation with rules and work?
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What is the early onset age range often traced back to for personality disorders?
What is the early onset age range often traced back to for personality disorders?
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What are the characteristics of Cluster A personality disorders?
What are the characteristics of Cluster A personality disorders?
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What measure is used to assess psychopathy with factors such as glib and superficial charm, lack of remorse, and criminal versatility?
What measure is used to assess psychopathy with factors such as glib and superficial charm, lack of remorse, and criminal versatility?
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What is the distinction between psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)?
What is the distinction between psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)?
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Study Notes
Personality Disorders and Psychopathy
- Personality disorders are characterized by a pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations in at least 2 areas: cognition, affect, social, and impulse control.
- These patterns are inflexible, pervasive, cause significant distress, and have early onset, often traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.
- Personality disorders are ego-syntonic, meaning individuals feel their symptoms are part of who they are, with little desire to change, unlike ego-dystonic disorders.
- Cluster A consists of odd/eccentric disorders like Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal, while Cluster B includes dramatic/erratic disorders such as Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic, among others.
- Cluster C comprises anxious/fearful disorders, including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
- Specific characteristics of disorders include pervasive suspiciousness and distrust in Paranoid PD, detachment from social relationships in Schizoid PD, and eccentric beliefs in Schizotypal PD.
- Antisocial PD is characterized by violating others' rights, impulsivity, and lack of remorse, while Borderline PD involves unstable emotions, relationships, and identity, and recurrent suicidal behaviors.
- Histrionic PD displays excessive attention-seeking behavior, emotionality, and being the center of attention, while Narcissistic PD is characterized by grandiosity and lack of empathy.
- Avoidant PD involves extreme social avoidance and fears of socializing, while Dependent PD displays clingy and submissive behavior and constant helplessness.
- Obsessive-compulsive PD includes perfectionism, excessive concern for order and control, and preoccupation with rules and work.
- The Psychopathy Checklist - Revised measures psychopathy with factors such as glib and superficial charm, lack of remorse, and criminal versatility.
- Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) are distinct constructs, with high comorbidity, and a significant stigma associated with PDs, leading to issues with diagnosis and coverage.
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Explore the primary desires and motivations in psychology, including Adler's concept of 'striving for superiority' and the development of self-esteem. Learn about the notions of collective unconscious and archetypes, and consider their status as scientific concepts.
