Psychological Models and Phobias

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between the one-dimensional and multi-dimensional models of psychopathology?

The multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes and their interactions. (correct)

The one-dimensional model accounts for psychological factors only.

The one-dimensional model includes only environmental factors.

The multi-dimensional model is less complex than the one-dimensional model.

How did Judy's fainting episodes begin?

During a graphic biology class film on frog dissection. (correct)

Due to a traumatic accident involving blood.

From excessive stress during exams.

After witnessing a relative in a medical emergency.

Which psychological disorder is Judy suffering from?

Specific phobia of animals

Blood–injection–injury phobia (correct)

Social phobia

Generalized anxiety disorder

What was Judy's primary coping mechanism for her fear of blood?

Engaging in avoidance behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of Judy's phobia at school?

Her fainting episodes disrupted class and led to social stigma. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did the principal reach regarding Judy's behavior?

She was manipulating others to get attention. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a phobia as characterized in the content?

A marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. Signup and view all the answers

What did Judy stop doing as a result of her fear of blood?

Looking at magazines with provocative images. Signup and view all the answers

What can severe reactions to injections indicate about an individual?

They may have a phobia that can be disabling. Signup and view all the answers

According to the diathesis-stress model, what is a diathesis?

An inherited tendency to develop certain disorders under stress. Signup and view all the answers

What role do genes play according to the gene-environment correlation model?

They indirectly influence environments through behaviors and personality. Signup and view all the answers

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

The brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

How do motor neurons function in the nervous system?

They facilitate voluntary movement and other actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the composition of human chromosomes?

46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, including sex chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes sex chromosomes from the other 22 pairs of chromosomes?

They define the biological sex of the individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit sensory information from the senses to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

One Dimensional vs Multidimensional Models

One-dimensional models focus on a single factor as the cause of a disorder.
Multidimensional models incorporate multiple factors as causes of a disorder.
Each model contributes uniquely to understanding human behavior, but no single model completely explains it.

Judy's Case Study

Judy, a 16-year-old, experiences fainting episodes.
The fainting episodes are triggered by seeing blood, injury, or even words related to these concepts.
This condition is known as blood-injection-injury phobia.
Judy's phobia severely affects her daily life, causing disruption in school and social situations.
Her condition meets the criteria for a phobia, a psychological disorder characterized by intense fear of a specific object or situation.

Diathesis-Stress Model

This model proposes that individuals inherit a predisposition (diathesis) for developing specific traits or behaviors.
These predispositions are activated by life events (stressors).
The combination of predisposition and stress leads to the development of a disorder.

Gene-Environment Correlation Model

Genes indirectly influence the environment through individual behaviors and personality traits.
The association between specific gene variations and particular behaviors is usually modest.
The subsequent impact of these behaviors on the environment is further lessened by behavioral mediation.

Nature of Genes

Human cells contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
One chromosome in each pair originates from the father, and the other from the mother.
22 pairs of chromosomes determine physical and brain development.
The 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes, with 'XX' designating female and 'XY' designating male.

The Nervous System: Components and Function

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells responsible for regulating all bodily functions.
It includes the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, acting as the central control center.
The PNS comprises nerves stemming from the spinal cord, connecting to all body parts.

Types of Neurons

Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, enabling movement.
Sensory neurons carry information collected from the senses (sight, touch, taste, etc.) to the brain.

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Description

Explore the differences between one-dimensional and multidimensional models of psychological disorders, with a focus on Judy's case of blood-injection-injury phobia. Learn how the diathesis-stress model relates to the development of phobias and the complexities of human behavior. This quiz delves into key concepts that are essential for understanding psychological conditions.