Psychological Disorders Chapter 13 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the population is affected by specific phobias?

  • 20%
  • 15%
  • 11% (correct)
  • 5%

Which type of phobia is classified under situational phobias?

  • Acrophobia (correct)
  • Pyrophobia
  • Anthropophobia
  • Monophobia

Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?

  • Increased appetite
  • Chronic fatigue
  • Persistent sadness
  • Shortness of breath (correct)

What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder from other anxiety disorders?

<p>Anxiety is persistent and uncontrollable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

<p>Recurrent obsession and compulsions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phobia refers specifically to the fear of being alone?

<p>Monophobia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of physical symptoms might one experience during a panic attack?

<p>Heavy sweating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the onset of anxiety in people with panic disorder?

<p>None, it occurs abruptly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by recurrent temper tantrums in children?

<p>Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a class of anxiety disorder?

<p>Mood disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of a phobia?

<p>An irrational fear of a specific object or situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine intoxication falls under which type of disorder in DSM-5?

<p>Substance-related disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation indicates a potential anxiety disorder?

<p>Continuous distress affecting daily functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of phobia involves fears of scrutiny from others?

<p>Social phobia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can anxiety be beneficial according to psychological perspectives?

<p>It can motivate action and keep individuals safe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between anxiety and anxiety disorders?

<p>Anxiety can be normal while anxiety disorders are excessive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the biological perspective assume about abnormal behavior?

<p>It is rooted in physiological causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, abnormal behavior is often a result of what?

<p>Conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the cognitive perspective view abnormal behavior?

<p>As a function of maladaptive thinking patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the humanistic perspective on abnormality?

<p>The responsibility of individuals over their own behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the DSM in classifying psychological disorders?

<p>It offers a standard system for diagnosis and classification of abnormal behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of new disorders has the DSM-V included in recent revisions?

<p>Behavioral patterns that were previously viewed as everyday adjustment problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective emphasizes that abnormal behavior is shaped by societal and cultural factors?

<p>Sociocultural perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying assumption does the behavioral (learning) perspective make about abnormal behavior?

<p>It is a learned response to specific stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biological perspective

Abnormal behavior results from physiological causes like brain injury or chemical imbalance

Psychoanalytic perspective

Abnormal behavior stems from unresolved childhood conflicts (like those related to sex and aggression) and imbalances in id, ego, and superego.

Behavioral (learning) perspective

Abnormal behavior is a learned response. The behavior itself is the problem.

Cognitive perspective

Abnormal behavior relates to harmful thought and belief patterns. A person learns maladaptive thinking.

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Humanistic perspective

Abnormal behavior highlights personal responsibility. People control their actions.

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Sociocultural perspective

Abnormal behavior's influence by society, culture, relationships, and family support systems.

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DSM

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; a standard for classifying and diagnosing abnormal behavior.

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DSM-V-TR

2022 version of the DSM, including updated information on mental disorders. Includes medical factors, psychosocial issues and global functioning assessment

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Caffeine intoxication

A state of being overly stimulated and experiencing negative effects due to excessive caffeine consumption.

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Tobacco use disorder

An inability to control tobacco use despite negative consequences.

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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A condition marked by frequent, intense temper outbursts in young children that are out of proportion to the situation.

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Binge-eating disorder

Episodes of uncontrolled overeating that happen at least once a week for at least three months.

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Gambling disorder

A condition marked by an inability to control gambling despite its negative consequences.

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Anxiety disorder

A condition characterized by excessive worry and anxiety that interferes with daily life.

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Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

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Agoraphobia

A fear of open or public spaces where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.

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Specific Phobias

An intense and irrational fear of a specific object or situation. This fear leads to significant distress and avoidance of the feared stimuli.

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Situational Phobias

Fear of specific situations like elevators, enclosed spaces, or public transportation.

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What are the physical symptoms of a panic attack?

Panic attacks involve sudden, intense surges of anxiety, usually accompanied by physical symptoms like shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, and trembling. These symptoms might feel like a heart attack.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry, even in the absence of a specific cause or trigger.

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What does OCD stand for?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It's a condition involving repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that sufferers feel compelled to perform to reduce anxiety.

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What is an obsession?

An obsession is a persistent intrusive thought, image, or impulse that the individual finds distressing and cannot control. These thoughts often lead to anxiety.

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What is a compulsion?

A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or mental act that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. The act is designed to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared outcome.

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What is the goal of a compulsion?

The goal of a compulsion is to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsession. It may be temporary, but the cycle often repeats itself.

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Study Notes

Announcements

  • Health & Stress Applied Activity due November 27th at 11:59 pm
  • Quiz 6 on Social Psychology closes December 1st at 11:59 pm
  • Next week's classes:
    • Monday, December 2nd
    • Wednesday, December 4th
    • Thursday, December 5th
  • Monday classes scheduled as makeup day for a missed holiday.

Psychological Disorders (Chapter 13)

  • The chapter covers psychological disorders.
  • Students will learn about how to identify abnormal behaviour, different perspectives and categories.

Meet Some People...

  • Tina, Raoull, and Frank are featured case studies of individuals experiencing psychological distress.
  • Tina's friends noticed Tina's withdrawn behaviour and lack of energy to engage with life.
  • Raoull experienced a sudden surge of fear and anxiety.
  • Frank, withdrawn in high school, suffered from bizarre behaviour.
  • All three individuals have experienced some form of psychological disorder.

Defining Psychological Disorders

  • Psychological disorders are characterized by distressing patterns of behaviour or mental processes, connected to significant emotional distress or impairment.
  • Disorders are frequently recognised by abnormal thoughts or behaviours.
  • Abnormal behaviour is characterised by rarity/unusualness according to cultural standards, social unacceptability, personal distress, maladaptive behaviours, or dangerous behaviour (to self or others).

Perspectives on Abnormality

  • Biological: Symptoms are rooted in physical causes (e.g., brain injury, chemical imbalance).
  • Psychoanalytic: Symptoms stem from childhood conflicts (e.g., unresolved issues from childhood, imbalance among id, ego, superego).
  • Behavioural: Abnormal behaviour viewed as learned response; the behaviour itself is the problem.
  • Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs (cognitions) central to abnormal behaviour; people learn maladaptive ways of thinking.
  • Humanistic: Emphasises individual responsibility for behaviour, even when it is considered abnormal.
  • Sociocultural: Assumes behaviour is shaped by family, group, society, and culture; relationships with others may either support or cause abnormal behaviour.

Classifying Psychological Disorders

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a standard classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior.
  • DSM contains information on medical conditions, psychosocial problems, and global functioning.
  • The DSM undergoes continuous revisions and updates.

New DSM-5 Diagnoses

  • New DSM-5 diagnoses, such as caffeine intoxication, tobacco use disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, binge-eating disorder, and gambling disorder, address behaviors previously considered less severe or mundane problems in daily functioning.

General Classes of Psychological Disorders

  • There are general categories of disorders including anxiety, mood, schizophrenia, personality, somatoform and dissociative disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

  • Anxiety disorders include: panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Anxiety can be adaptive, but becomes a disorder when excessive/maladaptive and not related to an obvious cause.

Phobias

  • A phobia is a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity resulting in a significant threat or risk.
  • Specific phobias affect about 11% of the population and include social phobias (fear of scrutiny), agoraphobia (fear of open spaces), and specific phobias (fear of specific objects).

Panic Disorder

  • Characterized by abrupt attacks of acute anxiety not triggered by a specific object or situation.
  • Symptoms can include shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, pounding heart, and feelings similar to a heart attack.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • Includes persistent and uncontrollable anxiety that isn't specifically tied to an object or situation.
  • Excessive worry is a significant symptom, often making it difficult for an individual to set aside anxiety.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

  • A disorder encompassing recurring obsessions and/or compulsions.
  • Obsessions are involuntary thoughts, impulses, or images. Impulses that invade consciousness and cause significant distress.
  • Compulsions are irresistible urges to perform acts repeatedly.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • PTSD affects victims of significant stressors or catastrophes and can involve re-experiencing the event through flashbacks or dreams.
  • May manifest as long-lasting effects.

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