Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the population is affected by specific phobias?
What percentage of the population is affected by specific phobias?
Which type of phobia is classified under situational phobias?
Which type of phobia is classified under situational phobias?
Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?
What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder from other anxiety disorders?
What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder from other anxiety disorders?
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What is a defining feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
What is a defining feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
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Which phobia refers specifically to the fear of being alone?
Which phobia refers specifically to the fear of being alone?
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What type of physical symptoms might one experience during a panic attack?
What type of physical symptoms might one experience during a panic attack?
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What triggers the onset of anxiety in people with panic disorder?
What triggers the onset of anxiety in people with panic disorder?
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Which disorder is characterized by recurrent temper tantrums in children?
Which disorder is characterized by recurrent temper tantrums in children?
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Which of the following is not a class of anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is not a class of anxiety disorder?
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What is the primary feature of a phobia?
What is the primary feature of a phobia?
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Caffeine intoxication falls under which type of disorder in DSM-5?
Caffeine intoxication falls under which type of disorder in DSM-5?
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Which situation indicates a potential anxiety disorder?
Which situation indicates a potential anxiety disorder?
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Which of the following classes of phobia involves fears of scrutiny from others?
Which of the following classes of phobia involves fears of scrutiny from others?
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How can anxiety be beneficial according to psychological perspectives?
How can anxiety be beneficial according to psychological perspectives?
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What is the main distinction between anxiety and anxiety disorders?
What is the main distinction between anxiety and anxiety disorders?
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What does the biological perspective assume about abnormal behavior?
What does the biological perspective assume about abnormal behavior?
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According to the psychoanalytic perspective, abnormal behavior is often a result of what?
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, abnormal behavior is often a result of what?
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How does the cognitive perspective view abnormal behavior?
How does the cognitive perspective view abnormal behavior?
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What is the primary focus of the humanistic perspective on abnormality?
What is the primary focus of the humanistic perspective on abnormality?
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What is the role of the DSM in classifying psychological disorders?
What is the role of the DSM in classifying psychological disorders?
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What kind of new disorders has the DSM-V included in recent revisions?
What kind of new disorders has the DSM-V included in recent revisions?
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Which perspective emphasizes that abnormal behavior is shaped by societal and cultural factors?
Which perspective emphasizes that abnormal behavior is shaped by societal and cultural factors?
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What underlying assumption does the behavioral (learning) perspective make about abnormal behavior?
What underlying assumption does the behavioral (learning) perspective make about abnormal behavior?
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Study Notes
Announcements
- Health & Stress Applied Activity due November 27th at 11:59 pm
- Quiz 6 on Social Psychology closes December 1st at 11:59 pm
- Next week's classes:
- Monday, December 2nd
- Wednesday, December 4th
- Thursday, December 5th
- Monday classes scheduled as makeup day for a missed holiday.
Psychological Disorders (Chapter 13)
- The chapter covers psychological disorders.
- Students will learn about how to identify abnormal behaviour, different perspectives and categories.
Meet Some People...
- Tina, Raoull, and Frank are featured case studies of individuals experiencing psychological distress.
- Tina's friends noticed Tina's withdrawn behaviour and lack of energy to engage with life.
- Raoull experienced a sudden surge of fear and anxiety.
- Frank, withdrawn in high school, suffered from bizarre behaviour.
- All three individuals have experienced some form of psychological disorder.
Defining Psychological Disorders
- Psychological disorders are characterized by distressing patterns of behaviour or mental processes, connected to significant emotional distress or impairment.
- Disorders are frequently recognised by abnormal thoughts or behaviours.
- Abnormal behaviour is characterised by rarity/unusualness according to cultural standards, social unacceptability, personal distress, maladaptive behaviours, or dangerous behaviour (to self or others).
Perspectives on Abnormality
- Biological: Symptoms are rooted in physical causes (e.g., brain injury, chemical imbalance).
- Psychoanalytic: Symptoms stem from childhood conflicts (e.g., unresolved issues from childhood, imbalance among id, ego, superego).
- Behavioural: Abnormal behaviour viewed as learned response; the behaviour itself is the problem.
- Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs (cognitions) central to abnormal behaviour; people learn maladaptive ways of thinking.
- Humanistic: Emphasises individual responsibility for behaviour, even when it is considered abnormal.
- Sociocultural: Assumes behaviour is shaped by family, group, society, and culture; relationships with others may either support or cause abnormal behaviour.
Classifying Psychological Disorders
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a standard classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior.
- DSM contains information on medical conditions, psychosocial problems, and global functioning.
- The DSM undergoes continuous revisions and updates.
New DSM-5 Diagnoses
- New DSM-5 diagnoses, such as caffeine intoxication, tobacco use disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, binge-eating disorder, and gambling disorder, address behaviors previously considered less severe or mundane problems in daily functioning.
General Classes of Psychological Disorders
- There are general categories of disorders including anxiety, mood, schizophrenia, personality, somatoform and dissociative disorders.
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders include: panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Anxiety can be adaptive, but becomes a disorder when excessive/maladaptive and not related to an obvious cause.
Phobias
- A phobia is a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity resulting in a significant threat or risk.
- Specific phobias affect about 11% of the population and include social phobias (fear of scrutiny), agoraphobia (fear of open spaces), and specific phobias (fear of specific objects).
Panic Disorder
- Characterized by abrupt attacks of acute anxiety not triggered by a specific object or situation.
- Symptoms can include shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, pounding heart, and feelings similar to a heart attack.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Includes persistent and uncontrollable anxiety that isn't specifically tied to an object or situation.
- Excessive worry is a significant symptom, often making it difficult for an individual to set aside anxiety.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- A disorder encompassing recurring obsessions and/or compulsions.
- Obsessions are involuntary thoughts, impulses, or images. Impulses that invade consciousness and cause significant distress.
- Compulsions are irresistible urges to perform acts repeatedly.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- PTSD affects victims of significant stressors or catastrophes and can involve re-experiencing the event through flashbacks or dreams.
- May manifest as long-lasting effects.
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Description
Test your understanding of Chapter 13 on Psychological Disorders. This quiz covers topics such as abnormal behavior, different perspectives, and specific case studies of individuals experiencing psychological distress. Challenge your knowledge and gain a deeper insight into psychological disorders.
