34 Questions
What type of test is used to evaluate the degree of learning that has taken place?
Achievement Test
In which setting are intelligence tests, personality tests, and neuropsychological tests commonly used?
Clinical Settings
Which type of assessment refers to a conclusion reached based on evidence and opinion?
Informal Evaluation
What is the goal of counseling in various settings such as schools, prisons, and institutions?
To improve client adjustment and productivity
What is the main purpose of using a wide range of tests in business and military settings?
To make decisions related to hiring, promotions, etc.
Which term describes loss of cognitive functioning due to damage or loss of brain cells?
Dementia
What is the term used to describe the working relationship between the examiner and the examinee during a test?
Rapport
In what setting would a professional be involved in Judiciary or program evaluation using psychological tests?
Other Settings
What is the term used to describe an evaluative or diagnostic procedure that varies from the usual way a measurement is derived?
Alternate Assessment
Which group of individuals should use tests that are necessary and appropriate for the individual being tested?
Test users who are adequately trained and prepared
What does 'Governmental and Organizational Credentialing' involve?
Licensing professionals based on their expertise
What is the term used to describe the adaptation of a test to make it more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs?
Accommodation
Who introduced the Adult Intelligence Test in 1939?
David Wechsler
Which test was specifically developed for illiterate individuals among US Army recruits?
Army Beta
Who was assigned the task of developing a measure of adjustment and emotional stability for US Army recruits during WWI?
Robert Woodworth
Which personality test was the first self-report measure developed to identify soldiers at risk for shell shock?
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory
Who developed the Thematic Apperception Test?
Henry Murray & Christiana Morgan
What method is used to find the minimum number of dimensions (factors) to account for a large number of variables?
Factor Analysis
What is the primary distinction between psychological testing and psychological assessment?
Testing measures specific variables, while assessment addresses broader referral questions.
Which of the following is not a type of psychological assessment mentioned in the text?
Norm-referenced assessment
What is the primary purpose of a projective personality test?
To elicit responses to ambiguous stimuli, revealing underlying personality dynamics.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a psychological test as described in the text?
It requires the assessor to have specialized skills in interpretation.
What is the primary purpose of an achievement test?
To evaluate an individual's previous learning and mastery of specific content.
What is the primary distinction between an aptitude test and an intelligence test?
Aptitude tests measure specific skills, while intelligence tests measure general problem-solving ability.
What is the primary purpose of a case study in psychological assessment?
To provide a detailed, illustrative account of a person or event based on historical data.
What is the primary purpose of a motivational interview in psychological assessment?
To gather information about an individual's problematic behavior while simultaneously addressing it therapeutically.
What is the primary purpose of a role play test in psychological assessment?
To measure an individual's ability to adapt to new situations and solve problems.
What is the primary distinction between a panel interview and a motivational interview in psychological assessment?
A panel interview focuses on gathering general information, while a motivational interview addresses specific problematic behaviors.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can vary among test takers?
The level of education they have attained
What is a 'psychological autopsy'?
An assessment of a deceased person based on archival records, artifacts, and interviews with people who knew them
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential party that could sponsor the development of a test?
Educational institutions
Which of the following is NOT a potential type of test user?
Statisticians
Which of the following factors is NOT listed as a potential source of variation among test takers?
Their level of motivation to perform well on the test
Who creates tests or other methods of assessment?
Test developers
Study Notes
Psychological Assessment and Testing
- Psychological Assessment: gathering and integrating psychology-related data to make a psychological evaluation
- Types of assessments:
- Educational: evaluate abilities and skills relevant in a school context
- Retrospective: draw conclusions about a person's past psychological aspects
- Remote: subject is not physically present during the evaluation
- Ecological Momentary: "in the moment" evaluation of specific problems and cognitive and behavioral variables
- Collaborative: assessor and assessee work together from initial contact to final feedback
- Therapeutic: encourages therapeutic self-discovery and new understanding
- Dynamic: interactive approach to psychological assessment, involving evaluation, intervention, and re-evaluation
Psychological Testing
- Process of measuring psychology-related variables using devices or procedures to obtain a sample of behavior
- Types of tests:
- Achievement Test: measures previous learning
- Aptitude Test: measures potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill
- Intelligence Test: measures general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing environments, and profit from experience
- Human Ability Test: measures considerable overlap of achievement, aptitude, and intelligence
- Structured Personality Test: provides statements with alternative responses
- Projective Test: unstructured, ambiguous stimulus, and the response is scored or evaluated
Assessment Tools
- Interview: method of gathering information through direct communication
- Portfolio: samples of one's ability and accomplishment
- Case History Data: records, transcripts, and other accounts of a person's life
- Behavioral Observation: monitoring of actions while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information
- Role Play: acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a stimulated situation
Settings for Psychological Assessment
- Educational Setting: achievement tests, diagnostic tests, and other specialized instruments
- Clinical Setting: personality tests, neuropsychological tests, and other specialized instruments
- Counseling Setting: goal is to improve client adjustment, productivity, or related variables
- Geriatric Setting: quality of life, perceived stress, loneliness, and other related variables
- Business and Military Settings: achievement, aptitude, interest, motivational, and other tests
- Governmental and Organizational Credentialing: licensing, certification, or general credentialing of professionals
- Academic Research Setting: conducting research, measuring variables
- Other Settings: judiciary, program evaluation
Important Concepts
- Psychometric Soundness: technical quality of a test
- Psychometrics: science of psychological measurement
- Cut-Score: reference point derived by judgment, used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications
- Scoring: process of assigning scores to performances
- Item: specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly and is scored or evaluated
Test your knowledge on the history and concepts of psychological assessment and testing, including the contributions of Alfred Binet. Explore the evolution of testing practices from school placements to military recruit screenings.
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