Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Psychological Criticism in literature?
What is the primary focus of Psychological Criticism in literature?
- To analyze the historical context of the work
- To critique the social and economic conditions presented
- To explore the behavioral basis of characters through mental health examination (correct)
- To assess how different readers interpret the text
Who is primarily associated with the development of modern Psychological Criticism?
Who is primarily associated with the development of modern Psychological Criticism?
- Sigmund Freud (correct)
- Otto Rank
- Alfred Adler
- Carl Jung
Which component of personality according to Freud deals with moral judgments?
Which component of personality according to Freud deals with moral judgments?
- Superego (correct)
- Self
- Ego
- Id
According to Freud, what does the id represent?
According to Freud, what does the id represent?
What role does the ego play in Freud's model of the mind?
What role does the ego play in Freud's model of the mind?
What is the consequence if one’s id dominates their personality?
What is the consequence if one’s id dominates their personality?
In Psychological Criticism, whose actions might also be criticized?
In Psychological Criticism, whose actions might also be criticized?
Which of the following thinkers is NOT typically associated with the development of Psychological Criticism?
Which of the following thinkers is NOT typically associated with the development of Psychological Criticism?
What type of thinking does the ego utilize to solve problems?
What type of thinking does the ego utilize to solve problems?
What role does the conscience of the superego play in relation to the ego?
What role does the conscience of the superego play in relation to the ego?
What does the ideal self, or ego-ideal, represent in a person's psyche?
What does the ideal self, or ego-ideal, represent in a person's psyche?
Which literary theory is primarily concerned with internal conflicts and character motivation?
Which literary theory is primarily concerned with internal conflicts and character motivation?
What type of conflict might indicate unresolved childhood dilemmas in a character?
What type of conflict might indicate unresolved childhood dilemmas in a character?
Which theory relates to social struggles and class dynamics in literature?
Which theory relates to social struggles and class dynamics in literature?
In what manner does the ego engage in reality testing?
In what manner does the ego engage in reality testing?
What is the primary focus of psychological criticism in literature?
What is the primary focus of psychological criticism in literature?
What do Marxist critics focus on in literature?
What do Marxist critics focus on in literature?
According to Marxist criticism, which group is likely to revolt?
According to Marxist criticism, which group is likely to revolt?
What aspect of society does feminist criticism primarily examine?
What aspect of society does feminist criticism primarily examine?
What is a primary goal of feminist criticism?
What is a primary goal of feminist criticism?
Which class does Marxist criticism argue has the most power?
Which class does Marxist criticism argue has the most power?
How does Marxist criticism view the cycle between social classes?
How does Marxist criticism view the cycle between social classes?
What common characteristics are associated with the lower class in Marxist literature?
What common characteristics are associated with the lower class in Marxist literature?
In feminist criticism, how are women's lives typically portrayed in literature?
In feminist criticism, how are women's lives typically portrayed in literature?
What does Reader-Response Criticism primarily focus on?
What does Reader-Response Criticism primarily focus on?
Which aspect does Feminist Criticism specifically examine in literature?
Which aspect does Feminist Criticism specifically examine in literature?
What does New Historicism analyze in relation to literary works?
What does New Historicism analyze in relation to literary works?
In Reader-Response Criticism, how do readers engage with the text?
In Reader-Response Criticism, how do readers engage with the text?
What is a key component of the questions posed by Feminist Criticism?
What is a key component of the questions posed by Feminist Criticism?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Reader-Response Criticism?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Reader-Response Criticism?
What does the term 'patriarchal social forces' refer to in Feminist Criticism?
What does the term 'patriarchal social forces' refer to in Feminist Criticism?
Which of the following is NOT commonly analyzed in New Historicism?
Which of the following is NOT commonly analyzed in New Historicism?
What is a central assumption of New Historicism?
What is a central assumption of New Historicism?
How do new historicists view the recording of history?
How do new historicists view the recording of history?
What do new historicists seek to understand about historical narratives?
What do new historicists seek to understand about historical narratives?
What challenges does New Historicism present to conventional historicism?
What challenges does New Historicism present to conventional historicism?
What type of stories do new historicists aim to incorporate into historical narratives?
What type of stories do new historicists aim to incorporate into historical narratives?
Which of the following is NOT a guide question associated with New Historicism?
Which of the following is NOT a guide question associated with New Historicism?
What do the 'independent discourses' refer to in New Historicism?
What do the 'independent discourses' refer to in New Historicism?
In the context of New Historicism, how is history characterized?
In the context of New Historicism, how is history characterized?
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Study Notes
Psychological Criticism
- Psychological Criticism examines the behavioral basis of characters in texts by investigating if their actions and ideas align with recognized mental illnesses or psychiatric conditions.
- This theory examines not only the characters, but also the author's and reader's psychological states and their impact on the creation and reception of the text.
- Based on Sigmund Freud's theory of the human mind, with its three components: the id, ego, and superego.
- The id is the instinctive and primal part, driven by desires and urges like sex and aggression.
- The ego acts as a mediator between the id's desires and the reality of the world.
- The superego represents the moral conscience, shaping behavior based on societal norms and personal values.
Marxist Criticism
- Based on the ideologies of Karl Marx and Georg Hegel.
- Society is divided into three classes:
- The elites (upper class)
- The bourgeoisies (middle class)
- The proletariats (lower class)
- Marx argued that, due to the inherent inequality, this division would inevitably lead to revolution.
- Marxist criticism focuses on the struggles and plight of the working class.
Feminist Criticism
- Examines the roles of women in literature and explores how patriarchal structures influence their portrayals.
- Challenges the notion of women being relegated to marginalized positions and seeks to uncover misogynistic views within literature.
- Aims to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.
Reader-Response Criticism
- Focuses on the reader's own interpretation and understanding of the text.
- Recognizes that the text is not inherently defined by a singular meaning but rather is shaped by each reader's unique perspective and experiences.
- Emphasizes individual reactions and engagement with the text.
New Historicism
- Explores the historical context of a literary work, analyzing it alongside related historical events, social structures, and cultural phenomena.
- Challenges conventional historical perspectives, acknowledging the narrative nature of history and the influence of power dynamics.
- Aims to consider a wider range of voices and perspectives from those traditionally excluded from historical narratives.
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