76 Questions
Which defense mechanism involves using constructive service to others to receive vicarious satisfaction?
Altruism
According to Freud, which aspect of dreaming helps to organize primitive aspects of dreams more coherently?
Secondary revision
Which stage involves sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
Anal stage
What is characteristic of the oral stage according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
Drive discharge is via sucking; oral erotogenic zone.
In Freud's dream work, which characteristic defines the primary process thinking?
Defies logic and lacks a sense of time and space
What differentiates altruism from altruistic surrender as defense mechanisms?
Satisfying the needs of others at the expense of oneself
What is the main difference between primary repression and suppression?
Primary repression occurs before ideas reach consciousness, suppression is mere postponement.
How does Abraham differentiate between early partial genital and later mature genital phases?
Based on the presence or absence of castration anxiety.
'Humour' as a mature defense mechanism is used to:
Highlight amusing aspects of threat signals or outcomes
What is characteristic of the Electra complex in girls?
Penis envy and blaming the father for absence of penis.
What happens at the resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complexes according to Freud?
Superego develops from introjection of parental values.
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
Planning realistically for future inner discomfort
What does the Oedipus complex involve according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
Desire to exclude the rival parent.
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
Displacement
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
Achieving impulse gratification after altering socially objectionable impulses
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
Dissociation
What characterizes rationalization as a defence mechanism?
Offering rational explanations to justify unacceptable behaviors
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
Rationalisation
Which psychoanalytic technique did Freud abandon in favor of free association to uncover the unconscious?
Cathartic method of abreaction
According to Freud's wish fulfillment theory, dreams are attempts to fulfill what?
Unconscious wishes through manifest content
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
Multiple personalities
In Freud's dream work, what does the term 'condensation' refer to?
Combining several unconscious impulses into a single image in dreams
'Persona' in Jungian psychology refers to what concept?
'Mask covering one’s personality'
What does repression primarily refer to in terms of defence mechanisms?
Expelling or withholding from consciousness an idea or feeling
What is the ultimate goal of life according to Carl Jung's analytical psychology?
Developing a sense of self-identity through individuation
'Shadow' in Jungian psychology represents which aspect?
'Personification of unacceptable aspects of oneself'
Which term represents the part of the collective unconscious in Jungian psychology that includes universal symbolic images like Hero and Old Wise Man?
Archetypes
'Latent content' in Freud's dream analysis refers to what aspect of dreams?
'Unconscious thoughts and wishes'
Which defense mechanism involves focusing on external reality to avoid expressing inner feelings?
Intellectualisation
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are associated with which result of conflict?
'Disturbing feelings and thoughts'
How does intellectualisation differ from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
Intellectualisation is not an attempt to substantiate instinctual impulses, rationalization is.
What is the key process involved in conflict leading to abstract thinking and generalizations?
Removing personal and emotional components of an event
Which defense mechanism involves irrelevant details being emphasized to avoid perceiving the whole?
Intellectualisation
What happens when conflict leads to disturbing feelings and thoughts ('dissonance')?
'Dissonance'
What is a possible result of conflict leading to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
Gaps in memory
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is a process linked with which result of conflict?
'Disturbing feelings and thoughts'
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
Displacement
What does the defence mechanism of rationalization involve?
Offering rational explanations to justify attitudes
'Splitting or separating an idea from the affect that accompanies it normally' is linked with which defence mechanism?
Isolation
In Freud's theory, what is characteristic of reaction formation as a defence mechanism?
Devotion and self-sacrificing behavior
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
Multiple personalities and amnesia
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
Dissociation
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
Rationalization
'Offering false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors' is associated with which defence mechanism?
Rationalization
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are symptoms of which process resulting from conflict?
'Intellectualization'
Which concept in Jungian Analytical Psychology involves representational images with universal symbolic meaning?
Archetypes
What characterizes the Electra complex in girls according to Freud?
Blaming the mother for absence of a penis
At what stage of Freud's Psychosexual Stages does the ego develop?
Oral
Which characteristic differentiates intellectualization from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
Excessive use of intellectual processes
What is the process involved in intellectualization as a defense mechanism?
Excessively using intellectual processes to avoid affective expression
Which defense mechanism is closely allied to rationalization but does not attempt to substantiate one's instinctual impulses?
Intellectualization
Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, and generalizations are linked with which result of conflict?
Disturbing feelings and thoughts ('dissonance')
What result is associated with conflict that leads to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
Abstract thinking
Which concept is associated with Abraham's division of genital phases in psychosexual development?
'Partial genital' phase involves early experimentation with sexuality
Which phase involves a wish to have a libidinal relationship with the opposite-sex parent?
Phallic/Oedipal
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is associated with which type of result of conflict?
'Dissonance'
'Threatening feelings, memories, fears' can lead to gaps in memory due to which defense mechanism process?
'Repression'
In Freud's Dream Work, what does 'irradiation or diffusion' refer to?
Multiple images representing one unconscious impulse
What is characteristic of anal fixation according to Freud's theory?
OCD-like patterns
What is the main idea behind Freud's dream work regarding 'latent content'?
Unconscious thoughts and wishes threatening to awaken the dreamer
What is the major fear associated with the Oedipus complex in boys according to Freud?
Fear of retaliation in the form of castration anxiety
What is the result of using the defense mechanism of suppression?
Consciously postponing attention to a conscious impulse or conflict.
During which stage does identification with the aggressor occur according to Freud's theory?
Phallic/Oedipal
'Altruism' as a mature defense mechanism differs from 'altruistic surrender' in that:
Altruism allows one to focus on troublesome aspects, whereas altruistic surrender satisfies the needs of others to the detriment of the self.
What psychodynamic theory describes sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
According to Jung's Analytical Psychology, what is the main function of the personal unconscious (PU)?
Contains repressed individual memories
What is the primary role of the 'Anima' in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
Unconscious feminine aspect of a man
What is the primary difference between Freud's 'Persona' and 'Shadow' concepts?
Persona represents one's personality presented to the world, while Shadow symbolizes repressed memories
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
Predicting probabilities and planning countermeasures.
What constitutes a defense mechanism according to the text?
Descriptions that offer explanations for certain human behaviors and experiences.
Which defense mechanism involves using comedy to express feelings and thoughts overtly without personal discomfort?
Humour
What did Freud propose as a result of encountering patients who could not recall significant memories?
'Resistance' caused by largely unconscious forces involved in repression
What distinguishes the 'collective unconscious' (CU) from the 'personal unconscious' (PU) in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
'CU includes universal symbolic images, while PU contains individual repressed memories'
What is the main difference between primary process thinking and secondary process according to Freud's Dream Work?
Primary process is illogical, lacks sense of time and space, and can accept contradictory items simultaneously, while secondary process is logical and has intact time and space boundaries.
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism allows for:
Channeling socially objectionable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors.
'Suppression' differs from 'repression' in that suppression:
Postpones attention to a conscious impulse without avoidance.
Test your knowledge on Freud's Dream Work and the mechanisms of condensation, displacement, and symbolic representation in psychoanalytical theories. Explore how innocent images can represent highly charged objects or abstract concepts.
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