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Questions and Answers
Which defense mechanism involves using constructive service to others to receive vicarious satisfaction?
Which defense mechanism involves using constructive service to others to receive vicarious satisfaction?
- Humour
- Suppression
- Altruism (correct)
- Sublimation
According to Freud, which aspect of dreaming helps to organize primitive aspects of dreams more coherently?
According to Freud, which aspect of dreaming helps to organize primitive aspects of dreams more coherently?
- Secondary revision (correct)
- Displacement
- Primary process
- Condensation
Which stage involves sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
Which stage involves sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
- Latency stage
- Anal stage (correct)
- Phallic/Oedipal stage
- Oral stage
What is characteristic of the oral stage according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
What is characteristic of the oral stage according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
In Freud's dream work, which characteristic defines the primary process thinking?
In Freud's dream work, which characteristic defines the primary process thinking?
What differentiates altruism from altruistic surrender as defense mechanisms?
What differentiates altruism from altruistic surrender as defense mechanisms?
What is the main difference between primary repression and suppression?
What is the main difference between primary repression and suppression?
How does Abraham differentiate between early partial genital and later mature genital phases?
How does Abraham differentiate between early partial genital and later mature genital phases?
'Humour' as a mature defense mechanism is used to:
'Humour' as a mature defense mechanism is used to:
What is characteristic of the Electra complex in girls?
What is characteristic of the Electra complex in girls?
What happens at the resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complexes according to Freud?
What happens at the resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complexes according to Freud?
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
What does the Oedipus complex involve according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
What does the Oedipus complex involve according to Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
What characterizes rationalization as a defence mechanism?
What characterizes rationalization as a defence mechanism?
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
Which psychoanalytic technique did Freud abandon in favor of free association to uncover the unconscious?
Which psychoanalytic technique did Freud abandon in favor of free association to uncover the unconscious?
According to Freud's wish fulfillment theory, dreams are attempts to fulfill what?
According to Freud's wish fulfillment theory, dreams are attempts to fulfill what?
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
In Freud's dream work, what does the term 'condensation' refer to?
In Freud's dream work, what does the term 'condensation' refer to?
'Persona' in Jungian psychology refers to what concept?
'Persona' in Jungian psychology refers to what concept?
What does repression primarily refer to in terms of defence mechanisms?
What does repression primarily refer to in terms of defence mechanisms?
What is the ultimate goal of life according to Carl Jung's analytical psychology?
What is the ultimate goal of life according to Carl Jung's analytical psychology?
'Shadow' in Jungian psychology represents which aspect?
'Shadow' in Jungian psychology represents which aspect?
Which term represents the part of the collective unconscious in Jungian psychology that includes universal symbolic images like Hero and Old Wise Man?
Which term represents the part of the collective unconscious in Jungian psychology that includes universal symbolic images like Hero and Old Wise Man?
'Latent content' in Freud's dream analysis refers to what aspect of dreams?
'Latent content' in Freud's dream analysis refers to what aspect of dreams?
Which defense mechanism involves focusing on external reality to avoid expressing inner feelings?
Which defense mechanism involves focusing on external reality to avoid expressing inner feelings?
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are associated with which result of conflict?
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are associated with which result of conflict?
How does intellectualisation differ from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
How does intellectualisation differ from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
What is the key process involved in conflict leading to abstract thinking and generalizations?
What is the key process involved in conflict leading to abstract thinking and generalizations?
Which defense mechanism involves irrelevant details being emphasized to avoid perceiving the whole?
Which defense mechanism involves irrelevant details being emphasized to avoid perceiving the whole?
What happens when conflict leads to disturbing feelings and thoughts ('dissonance')?
What happens when conflict leads to disturbing feelings and thoughts ('dissonance')?
What is a possible result of conflict leading to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
What is a possible result of conflict leading to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is a process linked with which result of conflict?
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is a process linked with which result of conflict?
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
Which defence mechanism involves shifting emotions from one object to another less-threatening one?
What does the defence mechanism of rationalization involve?
What does the defence mechanism of rationalization involve?
'Splitting or separating an idea from the affect that accompanies it normally' is linked with which defence mechanism?
'Splitting or separating an idea from the affect that accompanies it normally' is linked with which defence mechanism?
In Freud's theory, what is characteristic of reaction formation as a defence mechanism?
In Freud's theory, what is characteristic of reaction formation as a defence mechanism?
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
What is the result of using the defence mechanism of dissociation?
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
Which defence mechanism involves temporarily altering one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress?
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
Which defence mechanism involves false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors?
'Offering false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors' is associated with which defence mechanism?
'Offering false but socially acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors' is associated with which defence mechanism?
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are symptoms of which process resulting from conflict?
'Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, generalizations' are symptoms of which process resulting from conflict?
Which concept in Jungian Analytical Psychology involves representational images with universal symbolic meaning?
Which concept in Jungian Analytical Psychology involves representational images with universal symbolic meaning?
What characterizes the Electra complex in girls according to Freud?
What characterizes the Electra complex in girls according to Freud?
At what stage of Freud's Psychosexual Stages does the ego develop?
At what stage of Freud's Psychosexual Stages does the ego develop?
Which characteristic differentiates intellectualization from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
Which characteristic differentiates intellectualization from rationalization as a defense mechanism?
What is the process involved in intellectualization as a defense mechanism?
What is the process involved in intellectualization as a defense mechanism?
Which defense mechanism is closely allied to rationalization but does not attempt to substantiate one's instinctual impulses?
Which defense mechanism is closely allied to rationalization but does not attempt to substantiate one's instinctual impulses?
Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, and generalizations are linked with which result of conflict?
Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, and generalizations are linked with which result of conflict?
What result is associated with conflict that leads to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
What result is associated with conflict that leads to gaps in memory as a defense mechanism?
Which concept is associated with Abraham's division of genital phases in psychosexual development?
Which concept is associated with Abraham's division of genital phases in psychosexual development?
Which phase involves a wish to have a libidinal relationship with the opposite-sex parent?
Which phase involves a wish to have a libidinal relationship with the opposite-sex parent?
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is associated with which type of result of conflict?
'Removing personal and emotional components of an event and focusing only on factual aspects' is associated with which type of result of conflict?
'Threatening feelings, memories, fears' can lead to gaps in memory due to which defense mechanism process?
'Threatening feelings, memories, fears' can lead to gaps in memory due to which defense mechanism process?
In Freud's Dream Work, what does 'irradiation or diffusion' refer to?
In Freud's Dream Work, what does 'irradiation or diffusion' refer to?
What is characteristic of anal fixation according to Freud's theory?
What is characteristic of anal fixation according to Freud's theory?
What is the main idea behind Freud's dream work regarding 'latent content'?
What is the main idea behind Freud's dream work regarding 'latent content'?
What is the major fear associated with the Oedipus complex in boys according to Freud?
What is the major fear associated with the Oedipus complex in boys according to Freud?
What is the result of using the defense mechanism of suppression?
What is the result of using the defense mechanism of suppression?
During which stage does identification with the aggressor occur according to Freud's theory?
During which stage does identification with the aggressor occur according to Freud's theory?
'Altruism' as a mature defense mechanism differs from 'altruistic surrender' in that:
'Altruism' as a mature defense mechanism differs from 'altruistic surrender' in that:
What psychodynamic theory describes sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
What psychodynamic theory describes sexual pleasure in anal functioning?
According to Jung's Analytical Psychology, what is the main function of the personal unconscious (PU)?
According to Jung's Analytical Psychology, what is the main function of the personal unconscious (PU)?
What is the primary role of the 'Anima' in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
What is the primary role of the 'Anima' in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
What is the primary difference between Freud's 'Persona' and 'Shadow' concepts?
What is the primary difference between Freud's 'Persona' and 'Shadow' concepts?
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
'Anticipation' as a mature defense mechanism involves:
What constitutes a defense mechanism according to the text?
What constitutes a defense mechanism according to the text?
Which defense mechanism involves using comedy to express feelings and thoughts overtly without personal discomfort?
Which defense mechanism involves using comedy to express feelings and thoughts overtly without personal discomfort?
What did Freud propose as a result of encountering patients who could not recall significant memories?
What did Freud propose as a result of encountering patients who could not recall significant memories?
What distinguishes the 'collective unconscious' (CU) from the 'personal unconscious' (PU) in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
What distinguishes the 'collective unconscious' (CU) from the 'personal unconscious' (PU) in Jung's Analytical Psychology?
What is the main difference between primary process thinking and secondary process according to Freud's Dream Work?
What is the main difference between primary process thinking and secondary process according to Freud's Dream Work?
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism allows for:
'Sublimation' as a mature defense mechanism allows for:
'Suppression' differs from 'repression' in that suppression:
'Suppression' differs from 'repression' in that suppression:
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Study Notes
Defense Mechanisms
- Altruistic Surrender involves using constructive service to others to receive vicarious satisfaction.
- Altruism differs from altruistic surrender in that it is not motivated by a need for vicarious satisfaction.
- Anticipation involves preparing for future possibilities, both positive and negative.
- Dissociation temporarily alters one's sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress.
- Humor allows for the expression of underlying emotions and thoughts in a socially acceptable manner.
- Intellectualization involves focusing on the intellectual aspects of a situation to avoid experiencing emotional distress.
- Projection shifts emotions from one object to another less-threatening one.
- Rationalization involves providing false, but socially acceptable, explanations for unacceptable behaviors.
- Reaction Formation expresses feelings or behaviors that are the opposite of one's true feelings.
- Regression returns to a previous stage of development to cope with stress.
- Repression pushes unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind.
- Sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities, often creative ones.
- Suppression intentionally pushes thoughts and feelings into the unconscious mind, with the expectation that they can be accessed at a later time.
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
- The Anal Stage involves sexual pleasure in anal functioning.
- The Oral Stage is characterized by pleasure derived from sucking and biting.
- The Oedipus Complex involves a boy's unconscious desire for his mother and the threat of castration by his father.
- The Electra Complex involves a girl's unconscious desire for her father and the threat of retaliation by her mother.
- The Genital Stage begins in adolescence and focuses on mature sexual relationships with others.
- Identification with the Aggressor occurs during the phallic stage, where the child incorporates the values and behavior of the same-sex parent.
Freud's Theory of Dreams
- Condensation refers to the merging of multiple ideas or images into one in a dream.
- Displacement shifts emotions from one object to another in a dream.
- Irradiation or Diffusion refers to the spreading of emotional intensity from one element of the dream to others.
- Latent Content represents the underlying meaning of a dream.
- Manifest Content is the visible content of a dream.
- Primary Process Thinking is characterized by illogical, unrealistic, and symbolic thinking.
- Secondary Process Thinking employs logic, reason, and reality-testing.
- Wish Fulfillment is the idea that dreams are attempts to fulfill unconscious desires.
Jungian Psychology
- Anima represents the feminine archetype in men.
- Animus represents the masculine archetype in women.
- Collective Unconscious contains universal symbolic images, shared by all humanity.
- Persona is the public image we present to the world.
- Shadow represents the repressed, negative, and unacceptable aspects of the personality.
- Self is the ultimate goal of life, the integration of all aspects of the personality.
Conflict and Defense Mechanisms
- Abstract thinking, doubting, indecisiveness, and generalizations can all be consequences of intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
- Dissonance refers to the internal conflict created by disturbing thoughts and feelings.
- Gaps in memory can result from repression, where threatening memories are pushed into the unconscious mind.
- Intellectualization differs from rationalization in its focus on the intellectual aspects of a situation, rather than providing false justifications.
- Splitting involves separating an idea from its accompanying emotion.
- Threatening feelings, memories, and fears can lead to gaps in memory through repression.
Other Key Concepts
- Early Partial Genital Phase involves a libidinal connection to the opposite-sex parent.
- Mature Genital Phase involves a mature, reciprocal relationship between two adults.
- Personal Unconscious (PU) contains repressed experiences and personal memories.
- Primary Repression involves the unconscious pushing of thoughts, feelings, and memories out of conscious awareness.
- Suppression involves consciously pushing thoughts and feelings out of conscious awareness, with the expectation that they can be accessed at a later time.
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