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What technique did Freud use as his principal therapeutic method after hypnosis?
What technique did Freud use as his principal therapeutic method after hypnosis?
Who taught Freud about the process of catharsis?
Who taught Freud about the process of catharsis?
What was the significance of the case of Anna O in Freud's career?
What was the significance of the case of Anna O in Freud's career?
After his professional disagreement with Breuer, whom did Freud turn to for support?
After his professional disagreement with Breuer, whom did Freud turn to for support?
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What personal crisis influenced Freud to start analyzing his own dreams?
What personal crisis influenced Freud to start analyzing his own dreams?
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What did Freud expect to gain from his knowledge of male hysteria learned from Charcot?
What did Freud expect to gain from his knowledge of male hysteria learned from Charcot?
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Which process involves removing hysterical symptoms through verbal communication?
Which process involves removing hysterical symptoms through verbal communication?
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What influenced Freud to develop the free association technique?
What influenced Freud to develop the free association technique?
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What does Freud believe is the explanation for the meaning behind dreams?
What does Freud believe is the explanation for the meaning behind dreams?
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Which level of the mind contains elements that are not currently conscious but can become conscious?
Which level of the mind contains elements that are not currently conscious but can become conscious?
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What concept refers to experiences handed down through generations that Freud believes influence the unconscious?
What concept refers to experiences handed down through generations that Freud believes influence the unconscious?
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What distinguishes the conscious level of the mind from the other levels?
What distinguishes the conscious level of the mind from the other levels?
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From which two sources can ideas reach consciousness?
From which two sources can ideas reach consciousness?
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Which of the following describes the state of being aware of mental elements at any given moment?
Which of the following describes the state of being aware of mental elements at any given moment?
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What term is used to describe forgetting due to repression according to Freud?
What term is used to describe forgetting due to repression according to Freud?
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Which level of mental life is described as being available only indirectly?
Which level of mental life is described as being available only indirectly?
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What characterizes primary narcissism?
What characterizes primary narcissism?
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When does secondary narcissism typically occur?
When does secondary narcissism typically occur?
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What is the main drive behind sadism?
What is the main drive behind sadism?
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How is masochism characterized?
How is masochism characterized?
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What type of anxiety arises from conflict with the superego?
What type of anxiety arises from conflict with the superego?
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Which statement about neurotic anxiety is correct?
Which statement about neurotic anxiety is correct?
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What is the final aim of the aggression drive?
What is the final aim of the aggression drive?
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Which example illustrates neurotic anxiety?
Which example illustrates neurotic anxiety?
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What type of anxiety is characterized by a concern over possible danger in real situations?
What type of anxiety is characterized by a concern over possible danger in real situations?
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Which defense mechanism involves forcing threatening thoughts into the unconscious?
Which defense mechanism involves forcing threatening thoughts into the unconscious?
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In which scenario is denial being exhibited?
In which scenario is denial being exhibited?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a defense mechanism?
Which of the following is NOT considered a defense mechanism?
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What might happen to repressed impulses after being forced into the unconscious?
What might happen to repressed impulses after being forced into the unconscious?
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What is an example of reaction formation?
What is an example of reaction formation?
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Which of these defense mechanisms might lead to neurotic behavior if taken to extremes?
Which of these defense mechanisms might lead to neurotic behavior if taken to extremes?
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What is the primary purpose of defense mechanisms?
What is the primary purpose of defense mechanisms?
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What is the primary focus of the anal stage in personality development?
What is the primary focus of the anal stage in personality development?
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During which stage do boys experience the Oedipus complex?
During which stage do boys experience the Oedipus complex?
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What outcome results when a girl resolves her Electra complex?
What outcome results when a girl resolves her Electra complex?
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What psychological phenomenon explains a boy's desire for his mother and rivalry with his father?
What psychological phenomenon explains a boy's desire for his mother and rivalry with his father?
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Castration anxiety occurs during which part of the phallic stage?
Castration anxiety occurs during which part of the phallic stage?
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What feeling do girls experience towards boys during the Electra complex?
What feeling do girls experience towards boys during the Electra complex?
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How do differences in superego strength manifest between boys and girls in Freudian theory?
How do differences in superego strength manifest between boys and girls in Freudian theory?
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In the phallic stage, what is girls' primary desire as they engage with the concept of penis envy?
In the phallic stage, what is girls' primary desire as they engage with the concept of penis envy?
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Study Notes
Freud's Journey to Fame and Theories of Personality
- Freud's return from Paris in 1886, where he studied male hysteria under Charcot, initially hoped to gain recognition but found his colleagues were already familiar with the condition.
- Developed a close professional and personal relationship with Josef Breuer, learning about catharsis—removing hysterical symptoms through talking.
- Free association replaced hypnosis as Freud's primary therapeutic technique.
- Breuer shared the case of Anna O, a young woman he treated for hysteria, leading to their collaboration on a publication about hysteria.
- After a professional disagreement with Breuer, Freud collaborated with Wilhelm Fliess and began self-analysis, including dream interpretation.
Levels of Mental Life
- Unconscious: Source of dream meaning, slips of the tongue, repression, and experiences passed down through generations (phylogenetic endowment).
- Preconscious: Contains elements not currently conscious but easily accessible. Information originates from both the unconscious and conscious perception.
- Conscious: Mental elements in awareness at any given time, receiving input from both the external world and the preconscious.
Drives: Sex and Aggression
- Sex (Libido): Includes primary narcissism (infantile self-centeredness) and secondary narcissism (puberty, self-preoccupation). Love develops when libido is invested in objects or people other than the self. Sadism involves pleasure from inflicting pain, and masochism involves pleasure from suffering pain.
- Aggression (Thanatos): A destructive drive aimed at returning the organism to an inorganic state (death), ultimately self-destruction.
Anxiety
- Ego-based, originating from interactions with the id, superego, or external world.
- Neurotic Anxiety: Apprehension about an unknown danger stemming from id impulses.
- Moral Anxiety: Stemming from conflict between the ego and superego, arising from moral transgressions.
- Realistic Anxiety: An unpleasant feeling related to a real, objective danger.
Defense Mechanisms
- Normal, universal coping strategies that, when excessive, lead to neurotic behavior. These include repression, denial, reaction formation, displacement, fixation, regression, projection, introjection, sublimation, and rationalization.
Psychosexual Stages: Anal, Phallic
- Anal Stage: Fixation leads to the "anal triad": orderliness, stinginess, obstinacy.
- Phallic Stage: Genitals are the erogenous zone. Differences between male and female development originate in anatomical differences.
- Oedipus Complex (Male): Boy's desire for mother, rivalry with father, followed by castration anxiety and identification with the father.
- Electra Complex (Female): Girl's penis envy, resulting in desire for a penis (or a baby), possibly hostility towards the mother, and eventual identification with the mother and relinquishing desire for the father. The female superego is considered weaker due to the lack of a comparable experience to castration anxiety.
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Description
Explore the journey of Sigmund Freud from his studies in Paris to his development of key theories in personality. This quiz delves into his collaboration with Josef Breuer and the evolution of therapeutic techniques, including free association. Understand the levels of mental life according to Freud and how they contribute to his psychological framework.