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Questions and Answers
According to psychoanalytic theory, which part of personality seeks immediate gratification?
What is the primary function of the ego in psychoanalytic theory?
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?
During which stage of psychosexual development is there a focus on oral satisfaction and dependence on caregivers?
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What is a major criticism of psychoanalytic theory?
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Who is the founder of psychoanalytic theory?
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Study Notes
Psychoanalytic Theory
Key Concepts
- Developed by Sigmund Freud
- Emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and experiences in shaping personality
- Focuses on the structure of personality, including the id, ego, and superego
Structure of Personality
- Id: primitive, instinctual part of personality that seeks immediate gratification
- Ego: rational, logical part of personality that mediates between the id and reality
- Superego: moral component of personality that incorporates social norms and values
Defense Mechanisms
- Coping strategies used to reduce anxiety and protect the ego from threats
- Examples:
- Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts or memories into the unconscious
- Denial: refusing to acknowledge uncomfortable realities
- Projection: attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else
Stages of Psychosexual Development
- Oral stage: 0-1 year, focus on oral satisfaction and dependence on caregivers
- Anal stage: 1-3 years, focus on control and independence
- Phallic stage: 3-6 years, focus on genital pleasure and exploration
- Latency stage: 6-12 years, focus on social and cognitive development
- Genital stage: 12+ years, focus on mature, romantic relationships
Criticisms and Limitations
- Overemphasis on childhood experiences and sexuality
- Lack of empirical evidence and testability
- Cultural and gender bias
- Too focused on pathology, neglecting positive aspects of personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Key Concepts
- Developed by Sigmund Freud
- Emphasizes role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and experiences in shaping personality
- Focuses on structure of personality, including id, ego, and superego
Structure of Personality
- Id: primitive, instinctual part of personality seeking immediate gratification
- Ego: rational, logical part of personality mediating between id and reality
- Superego: moral component of personality incorporating social norms and values
Defense Mechanisms
- Coping strategies to reduce anxiety and protect ego from threats
- Repression: pushing uncomfortable thoughts or memories into unconscious
- Denial: refusing to acknowledge uncomfortable realities
- Projection: attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else
Stages of Psychosexual Development
- Oral stage (0-1 year): focus on oral satisfaction and dependence on caregivers
- Anal stage (1-3 years): focus on control and independence
- Phallic stage (3-6 years): focus on genital pleasure and exploration
- Latency stage (6-12 years): focus on social and cognitive development
- Genital stage (12+ years): focus on mature, romantic relationships
Criticisms and Limitations
- Overemphasis on childhood experiences and sexuality
- Lack of empirical evidence and testability
- Cultural and gender bias
- Too focused on pathology, neglecting positive aspects of personality
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Description
Test your understanding of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including the structure of personality, id, ego, and superego, and their role in shaping behavior.
