Psychoanalysis and Neo-Freudian Theories

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Questions and Answers

Which theorist is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?

Carl Rogers

Alfred Adler

Abraham Maslow (correct)

Karen Horney

According to the psychoanalytic approach, personality:

is formed by processes that are outside of a person's awareness.

The id operates according to the _ principle, while the ego is regulated by the _ principle.

pleasure; reality

What is the CORRECT sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital Signup and view all the answers

In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, _____ described how unconscious thoughts, feelings, and wishes are often reflected in acts of forgetting, inadvertent slips of the tongue, accidents, and errors.

Sigmund Freud Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, this part of the personality contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic sexual and aggressive drives.

ID Signup and view all the answers

Jacob's actions are BEST explained by:

identification. Signup and view all the answers

Sigmund Freud highlighted the importance of:

unconscious processes. Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, the _____ contains information that, while not currently in conscious awareness, is still easily accessible.

preconscious Signup and view all the answers

The collective unconscious, according to Jung, could be described as:

the deepest part of the individual psyche, which is shared by all people and reflects a collection of humanity's evolutionary history. Signup and view all the answers

Professor Kelly MOST likely studies _____ theory.

personality Signup and view all the answers

According to psychoanalytic theory, the mental process of self-deception that an individual uses to guard against anxiety is called:

a defense mechanism. Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, Nathan has probably fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development due to some unresolved conflict.

oral Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Gonzales' research emphasizes learning and conscious processes; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?

Social Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and dancing are a form of _____ and allow unconscious wishes and desires to be transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.

sublimation Signup and view all the answers

The defense mechanism that excludes all anxiety-producing thoughts is called:

Repression Signup and view all the answers

Adler would probably have said that Mr. Ricell has a(n):

superiority complex. Signup and view all the answers

This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.

Rationalization Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Reynolds' work emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?

Trait Signup and view all the answers

Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible; this reflects a defense mechanism called:

Identification. Signup and view all the answers

Seven-year-old Sean is probably in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

latency Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Plater endorses the _____ perspective on personality.

social cognitive Signup and view all the answers

What are defense mechanisms?

They are unconscious coping techniques devised to reduce anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

While some of Freud's psychoanalytic principles have been hard to prove true, some have been substantiated, including that:

much of mental life is unconscious. Signup and view all the answers

Bruce's response to his doctor BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

rationalization. Signup and view all the answers

Personality refers to:

a person's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling. Signup and view all the answers

Tatiana may be using the defense mechanism known as:

projection. Signup and view all the answers

What is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person that nurtures growth in others?

unconditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

Because it pays more attention to environmental influences, the _____ approach to personality differs from the other perspectives discussed in the textbook.

social cognitive Signup and view all the answers

Carl Rogers emphasized the role of _____ in personality development.

unconditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:

ignoring of unconscious influences, emotions, and conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

The humanistic perspective of personality emphasizes the growth potential of:

"healthy" individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Karlene's personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events; Bandura called this process:

reciprocal determinism. Signup and view all the answers

Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _ perspective and is a criticism of the _ perspective.

psychoanalytic; humanistic Signup and view all the answers

In terms of academic ability, Liz MOST likely has high:

self-efficacy. Signup and view all the answers

When Elena began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is; he explained that, when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

self-concept. Signup and view all the answers

Yolande is exhibiting:

conditional positive regard. Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Gibney is MOST likely a proponent of:

psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Signup and view all the answers

The person MOST likely to agree with this parenting approach, including the use of unconditional positive regard, is:

Carl Rogers. Signup and view all the answers

The _____ theory of personality represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and fulfillment of a person's unique potential.

humanistic Signup and view all the answers

The _____ theory of personality emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals.

trait Signup and view all the answers

An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are referred to as his or her:

personality. Signup and view all the answers

In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is the ego defense mechanism that unconsciously shifts the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.

displacement Signup and view all the answers

Ideas about basic anxiety and womb envy were proposed by the German-born American psychoanalyst ______.

Karen Horney. Signup and view all the answers

Alfred Adler would probably have said that Mr. Rice has a(n):

superiority complex. Signup and view all the answers

American psychologist ______ developed a theory of personality that focused on the inherent worth of people.

Carl Rogers Signup and view all the answers

According to the textbook Critical Thinking box titled, 'Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature,' Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _ perspective and is a criticism of the _ perspective.

psychoanalytic; humanistic Signup and view all the answers

Carl Rogers suggested that ______ develops when a person is valued and loved only if he or she behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.

conditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

According to ______, human functioning is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.

Albert Bandura Signup and view all the answers

Juan's confidence in his ability to handle mechanical problems shows his:

self-efficacy. Signup and view all the answers

One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:

neglect of unconscious influences, emotions, and conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

David would be classified as:

introverted-neurotic. Signup and view all the answers

A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way is called:

a trait Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of trait theories of personality?

Trait theories describe and compare people in terms of basic personality traits. Signup and view all the answers

Raffi has been given the:

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Signup and view all the answers

Yolanda is preparing the test to be given to a very large, representative sample of people in order for norms to be established; her work is being done for the purpose of ascertaining:

standardization. Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Welch is MOST likely to note that the key strengths of the MMPI and the 16PF are that:

they are standardized and objectively scored. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neo-Freudian Theorists

Abraham Maslow is not classified as a neo-Freudian.

Psychoanalytic Approach

Personality is shaped by unconscious processes.
The id is driven by the pleasure principle, while the ego operates under the reality principle.

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

The correct order of stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

Dream Analysis

Sigmund Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" discusses how unconscious thoughts and feelings affect behavior.

Structure of Personality

The id contains unconscious psychic energy related to basic drives; defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization manage anxiety.

Identification and Role Models

Jacob's behavior exemplifies identification with parental figures.

Importance of the Unconscious

Freud emphasized the significance of unconscious mental processes.

Preconscious Mind

The preconscious holds accessible information that is not currently conscious.

Jung's Collective Unconscious

Jung described the collective unconscious as shared human experiences shaping the psyche.

Personality Research Perspectives

Professor Kelly studies personality focusing on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Dr. Gonzales supports the social cognitive perspective emphasizing learning and conscious processes.

Defense Mechanisms

Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety; repression excludes anxiety-provoking thoughts.

Psychosexual Fixation

Nathan's behaviors suggest a fixation at the oral stage due to unresolved conflicts.

Dr. Plater's perspective on personality stresses learned behaviors and self-regulation.

Sublimation in Action

Activities like sports can serve as sublimation, redirecting unconscious desires.

Self-Concept and Actualization

Carl Rogers emphasized unconditional positive regard and the role it plays in a healthy self-concept.

Inequities in Theory

The social-cognitive perspective is criticized for ignoring unconscious influences and emotions.

The Humanistic Perspective

Stresses potential growth in healthy individuals, viewing personality development constructively.

Reciprocal Determinism

Bandura's concept highlights the interplay of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors in shaping personality.

Critiques of Human Nature

Discussions contrast the aggressive aspects of human nature with optimistic humanistic views.

Self-Efficacy

Liz's academic confidence signifies high self-efficacy, a key concept in Bandura’s work.

Conditional vs. Unconditional Positive Regard

Conditional positive regard involves acceptance based on behavior, directly contrasting with Rogers' idea of unconditional positive regard.

Alfred Adler's Contributions

Adler discussed concepts like the superiority complex, linked to exaggerated self-importance.

Trait Approach to Personality

Concentrates on stable characteristics or traits that guide behavior.

Standardization in Personality Testing

Yolanda's work focuses on gathering samples for norm establishment, crucial in psychological testing.

Thematic Apperception Test

The TAT prompts storytelling to reveal underlying feelings and motives.

Strengths of Personality Assessments

Tools like the MMPI and 16PF are advantageous due to their objectivity and standardized scoring.

Eysenck's Personality Types

David’s personality aligns with the introverted-neurotic classification.

Key Definitions

Traits are consistent behavioral predispositions.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of psychoanalysis and the contributions of neo-Freudian theorists. This quiz covers topics such as the structure of personality, Freud's psychosexual stages, and dream analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of these psychological theories.

Psychoanalysis and Neo-Freudian Theories

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which theorist is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?

According to the psychoanalytic approach, personality:

The id operates according to the _____ principle, while the ego is regulated by the _____ principle.

What is the CORRECT sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?

In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, _____ described how unconscious thoughts, feelings, and wishes are often reflected in acts of forgetting, inadvertent slips of the tongue, accidents, and errors.

According to Freud, this part of the personality contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic sexual and aggressive drives.

Jacob's actions are BEST explained by:

Sigmund Freud highlighted the importance of:

According to Freud, the _____ contains information that, while not currently in conscious awareness, is still easily accessible.

The collective unconscious, according to Jung, could be described as:

Professor Kelly MOST likely studies _____ theory.

According to psychoanalytic theory, the mental process of self-deception that an individual uses to guard against anxiety is called:

According to Freud, Nathan has probably fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development due to some unresolved conflict.

Dr. Gonzales' research emphasizes learning and conscious processes; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?

According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and dancing are a form of _____ and allow unconscious wishes and desires to be transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.

The defense mechanism that excludes all anxiety-producing thoughts is called:

Adler would probably have said that Mr. Ricell has a(n):

This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.

Dr. Reynolds' work emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?

Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible; this reflects a defense mechanism called:

Seven-year-old Sean is probably in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Dr. Plater endorses the _____ perspective on personality.

What are defense mechanisms?

While some of Freud's psychoanalytic principles have been hard to prove true, some have been substantiated, including that:

Bruce's response to his doctor BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Personality refers to:

Tatiana may be using the defense mechanism known as:

What is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person that nurtures growth in others?

Because it pays more attention to environmental influences, the _____ approach to personality differs from the other perspectives discussed in the textbook.

Carl Rogers emphasized the role of _____ in personality development.

One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:

The humanistic perspective of personality emphasizes the growth potential of:

Karlene's personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events; Bandura called this process:

Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.

In terms of academic ability, Liz MOST likely has high:

When Elena began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is; he explained that, when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:

Yolande is exhibiting:

Dr. Gibney is MOST likely a proponent of:

The person MOST likely to agree with this parenting approach, including the use of unconditional positive regard, is:

The _____ theory of personality represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and fulfillment of a person's unique potential.

The _____ theory of personality emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals.

An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are referred to as his or her:

In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is the ego defense mechanism that unconsciously shifts the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.

Ideas about basic anxiety and womb envy were proposed by the German-born American psychoanalyst ______.

Alfred Adler would probably have said that Mr. Rice has a(n):

American psychologist ______ developed a theory of personality that focused on the inherent worth of people.

According to the textbook Critical Thinking box titled, 'Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature,' Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.

Carl Rogers suggested that ______ develops when a person is valued and loved only if he or she behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.

According to ______, human functioning is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.

Juan's confidence in his ability to handle mechanical problems shows his:

One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:

David would be classified as:

A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way is called:

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of trait theories of personality?

Raffi has been given the:

Yolanda is preparing the test to be given to a very large, representative sample of people in order for norms to be established; her work is being done for the purpose of ascertaining:

Dr. Welch is MOST likely to note that the key strengths of the MMPI and the 16PF are that:

Study Notes

Neo-Freudian Theorists

Psychoanalytic Approach

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

Dream Analysis

Structure of Personality

Identification and Role Models

Importance of the Unconscious

Preconscious Mind

Jung's Collective Unconscious

Personality Research Perspectives

Defense Mechanisms

Psychosexual Fixation

Social Cognitive Perspective

Sublimation in Action

Self-Concept and Actualization

Inequities in Theory

The Humanistic Perspective

Reciprocal Determinism

The id operates according to the _ principle, while the ego is regulated by the _ principle.

Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _ perspective and is a criticism of the _ perspective.

According to the textbook Critical Thinking box titled, 'Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature,' Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _ perspective and is a criticism of the _ perspective.