Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which theorist is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?
Which theorist is NOT considered a neo-Freudian?
- Carl Rogers
- Alfred Adler
- Abraham Maslow (correct)
- Karen Horney
According to the psychoanalytic approach, personality:
According to the psychoanalytic approach, personality:
is formed by processes that are outside of a person's awareness.
The id operates according to the _____ principle, while the ego is regulated by the _____ principle.
The id operates according to the _____ principle, while the ego is regulated by the _____ principle.
pleasure; reality
What is the CORRECT sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?
What is the CORRECT sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?
In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, _____ described how unconscious thoughts, feelings, and wishes are often reflected in acts of forgetting, inadvertent slips of the tongue, accidents, and errors.
In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, _____ described how unconscious thoughts, feelings, and wishes are often reflected in acts of forgetting, inadvertent slips of the tongue, accidents, and errors.
According to Freud, this part of the personality contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic sexual and aggressive drives.
According to Freud, this part of the personality contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic sexual and aggressive drives.
Jacob's actions are BEST explained by:
Jacob's actions are BEST explained by:
Sigmund Freud highlighted the importance of:
Sigmund Freud highlighted the importance of:
According to Freud, the _____ contains information that, while not currently in conscious awareness, is still easily accessible.
According to Freud, the _____ contains information that, while not currently in conscious awareness, is still easily accessible.
The collective unconscious, according to Jung, could be described as:
The collective unconscious, according to Jung, could be described as:
Professor Kelly MOST likely studies _____ theory.
Professor Kelly MOST likely studies _____ theory.
According to psychoanalytic theory, the mental process of self-deception that an individual uses to guard against anxiety is called:
According to psychoanalytic theory, the mental process of self-deception that an individual uses to guard against anxiety is called:
According to Freud, Nathan has probably fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development due to some unresolved conflict.
According to Freud, Nathan has probably fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development due to some unresolved conflict.
Dr. Gonzales' research emphasizes learning and conscious processes; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?
Dr. Gonzales' research emphasizes learning and conscious processes; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?
According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and dancing are a form of _____ and allow unconscious wishes and desires to be transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.
According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and dancing are a form of _____ and allow unconscious wishes and desires to be transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.
The defense mechanism that excludes all anxiety-producing thoughts is called:
The defense mechanism that excludes all anxiety-producing thoughts is called:
Adler would probably have said that Mr. Ricell has a(n):
Adler would probably have said that Mr. Ricell has a(n):
This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.
This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.
Dr. Reynolds' work emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?
Dr. Reynolds' work emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals; which perspective MOST closely matches his research?
Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible; this reflects a defense mechanism called:
Young children resolve the Oedipus conflict by wanting to be as much like the same-sex parent as possible; this reflects a defense mechanism called:
Seven-year-old Sean is probably in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.
Seven-year-old Sean is probably in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.
Dr. Plater endorses the _____ perspective on personality.
Dr. Plater endorses the _____ perspective on personality.
What are defense mechanisms?
What are defense mechanisms?
While some of Freud's psychoanalytic principles have been hard to prove true, some have been substantiated, including that:
While some of Freud's psychoanalytic principles have been hard to prove true, some have been substantiated, including that:
Bruce's response to his doctor BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
Bruce's response to his doctor BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:
Personality refers to:
Personality refers to:
Tatiana may be using the defense mechanism known as:
Tatiana may be using the defense mechanism known as:
What is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person that nurtures growth in others?
What is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person that nurtures growth in others?
Because it pays more attention to environmental influences, the _____ approach to personality differs from the other perspectives discussed in the textbook.
Because it pays more attention to environmental influences, the _____ approach to personality differs from the other perspectives discussed in the textbook.
Carl Rogers emphasized the role of _____ in personality development.
Carl Rogers emphasized the role of _____ in personality development.
One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:
One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:
The humanistic perspective of personality emphasizes the growth potential of:
The humanistic perspective of personality emphasizes the growth potential of:
Karlene's personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events; Bandura called this process:
Karlene's personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events; Bandura called this process:
Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.
Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.
In terms of academic ability, Liz MOST likely has high:
In terms of academic ability, Liz MOST likely has high:
When Elena began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is; he explained that, when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:
When Elena began therapy, her therapist asked her to describe herself as she would ideally like to be and as she actually is; he explained that, when these two descriptions are nearly alike, the person is thought to have a positive:
Yolande is exhibiting:
Yolande is exhibiting:
Dr. Gibney is MOST likely a proponent of:
Dr. Gibney is MOST likely a proponent of:
The person MOST likely to agree with this parenting approach, including the use of unconditional positive regard, is:
The person MOST likely to agree with this parenting approach, including the use of unconditional positive regard, is:
The _____ theory of personality represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and fulfillment of a person's unique potential.
The _____ theory of personality represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and fulfillment of a person's unique potential.
The _____ theory of personality emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals.
The _____ theory of personality emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among individuals.
An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are referred to as his or her:
An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are referred to as his or her:
In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is the ego defense mechanism that unconsciously shifts the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.
In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is the ego defense mechanism that unconsciously shifts the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.
Ideas about basic anxiety and womb envy were proposed by the German-born American psychoanalyst ______.
Ideas about basic anxiety and womb envy were proposed by the German-born American psychoanalyst ______.
Alfred Adler would probably have said that Mr. Rice has a(n):
Alfred Adler would probably have said that Mr. Rice has a(n):
American psychologist ______ developed a theory of personality that focused on the inherent worth of people.
American psychologist ______ developed a theory of personality that focused on the inherent worth of people.
According to the textbook Critical Thinking box titled, 'Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature,' Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.
According to the textbook Critical Thinking box titled, 'Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature,' Sasha's observation about basic human nature supports the _____ perspective and is a criticism of the _____ perspective.
Carl Rogers suggested that ______ develops when a person is valued and loved only if he or she behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.
Carl Rogers suggested that ______ develops when a person is valued and loved only if he or she behaves in a way that is acceptable to others.
According to ______, human functioning is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.
According to ______, human functioning is caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.
Juan's confidence in his ability to handle mechanical problems shows his:
Juan's confidence in his ability to handle mechanical problems shows his:
One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:
One of the arguments made against the social cognitive perspective on personality is its:
David would be classified as:
David would be classified as:
A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way is called:
A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way is called:
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of trait theories of personality?
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of trait theories of personality?
Raffi has been given the:
Raffi has been given the:
Yolanda is preparing the test to be given to a very large, representative sample of people in order for norms to be established; her work is being done for the purpose of ascertaining:
Yolanda is preparing the test to be given to a very large, representative sample of people in order for norms to be established; her work is being done for the purpose of ascertaining:
Dr. Welch is MOST likely to note that the key strengths of the MMPI and the 16PF are that:
Dr. Welch is MOST likely to note that the key strengths of the MMPI and the 16PF are that:
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Study Notes
Neo-Freudian Theorists
- Abraham Maslow is not classified as a neo-Freudian.
Psychoanalytic Approach
- Personality is shaped by unconscious processes.
- The id is driven by the pleasure principle, while the ego operates under the reality principle.
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
- The correct order of stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
Dream Analysis
- Sigmund Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" discusses how unconscious thoughts and feelings affect behavior.
Structure of Personality
- The id contains unconscious psychic energy related to basic drives; defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization manage anxiety.
Identification and Role Models
- Jacob's behavior exemplifies identification with parental figures.
Importance of the Unconscious
- Freud emphasized the significance of unconscious mental processes.
Preconscious Mind
- The preconscious holds accessible information that is not currently conscious.
Jung's Collective Unconscious
- Jung described the collective unconscious as shared human experiences shaping the psyche.
Personality Research Perspectives
- Professor Kelly studies personality focusing on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Dr. Gonzales supports the social cognitive perspective emphasizing learning and conscious processes.
Defense Mechanisms
- Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety; repression excludes anxiety-provoking thoughts.
Psychosexual Fixation
- Nathan's behaviors suggest a fixation at the oral stage due to unresolved conflicts.
Social Cognitive Perspective
- Dr. Plater's perspective on personality stresses learned behaviors and self-regulation.
Sublimation in Action
- Activities like sports can serve as sublimation, redirecting unconscious desires.
Self-Concept and Actualization
- Carl Rogers emphasized unconditional positive regard and the role it plays in a healthy self-concept.
Inequities in Theory
- The social-cognitive perspective is criticized for ignoring unconscious influences and emotions.
The Humanistic Perspective
- Stresses potential growth in healthy individuals, viewing personality development constructively.
Reciprocal Determinism
- Bandura's concept highlights the interplay of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors in shaping personality.
Critiques of Human Nature
- Discussions contrast the aggressive aspects of human nature with optimistic humanistic views.
Self-Efficacy
- Liz's academic confidence signifies high self-efficacy, a key concept in Bandura’s work.
Conditional vs. Unconditional Positive Regard
- Conditional positive regard involves acceptance based on behavior, directly contrasting with Rogers' idea of unconditional positive regard.
Alfred Adler's Contributions
- Adler discussed concepts like the superiority complex, linked to exaggerated self-importance.
Trait Approach to Personality
- Concentrates on stable characteristics or traits that guide behavior.
Standardization in Personality Testing
- Yolanda's work focuses on gathering samples for norm establishment, crucial in psychological testing.
Thematic Apperception Test
- The TAT prompts storytelling to reveal underlying feelings and motives.
Strengths of Personality Assessments
- Tools like the MMPI and 16PF are advantageous due to their objectivity and standardized scoring.
Eysenck's Personality Types
- David’s personality aligns with the introverted-neurotic classification.
Key Definitions
- Traits are consistent behavioral predispositions.
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