Psychiatry Course for Physical Therapy: Withdrawal Syndrome
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Questions and Answers

What are the consequences of substance abuse on the central nervous system?

  • Permanent damage to neurotransmitters
  • Development of psychological and behavioral changes (correct)
  • Temporary changes in cognitive function
  • Enhanced cognitive processing

    • What is a characteristic of withdrawal syndrome?

  • Rapid tolerance to the substance
  • Complete recovery after 24 hours of abstinence
  • Substance-specific syndrome with physiological and psychological components (correct)
  • Sudden onset of symptoms after initial use

    • Which of the following is a common comorbidity with substance abuse disorders?

  • Psychotic episodes (correct)
  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Sleep disorders
  • Cardiovascular disease

    • What is a critical factor in diagnosing withdrawal syndrome?

    <p>Physiological and psychological components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term effect of substance abuse on the brain?

    <p>Neuroadaptation and neural circuit changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of substance-induced psychosis?

    <p>Disorganized thinking and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of pathological intoxication?

    <p>Excited and psychotic state following minimal consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal?

    <p>Nausea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of opiate overdose?

    <p>Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of substance-induced psychosis?

    <p>Excited and psychotic state following minimal consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common neurological effect of substance abuse?

    <p>Impaired attention and poor motor coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of withdrawal syndrome?

    <p>Lacrimation and rhinorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic criterion for substance use disorder?

    <p>Continued use despite clear evidence of harmful consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common investigation used to prepare a patient for treatment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by physiologic signs and symptoms in addition to psychological changes?

    <p>Withdrawal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of substance dependence?

    <p>Diminished effect with repeated administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of one drug to be substituted for another, producing the same physiologic and psychological effect?

    <p>Cross-tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of substance dependence?

    <p>A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon in which a given dose of a drug produces a decreased effect or increasingly larger doses must be administered to obtain the effect?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for substance dependence?

    <p>Characteristic withdrawal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • A substance-specific syndrome occurs after stopping or reducing the amount of a drug used regularly over a prolonged period, characterized by physiologic signs and symptoms, and psychological changes.

    Tolerance

    • Phenomenon where repeated administration of a drug leads to decreased effect, requiring increasingly larger doses to obtain the original effect.
    • Cross-tolerance refers to the ability of one drug to be substituted for another, producing the same physiologic and psychological effect.

    Diagnosis of Substance Dependence

    • Need for markedly increased amounts of the substance.
    • Diminished effect.
    • Characteristic withdrawal syndrome.
    • Taking the substance in larger amounts or over a longer period.
    • Unable to cut down or control substance use.
    • Significant amount of time spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance.
    • Behavioral/psychological changes due to effects on CNS developing after ingestion.

    Withdrawal

    • Substance-specific syndrome characterized by problematic behavioral change due to stopping or reducing prolonged substance use.
    • Physiological and psychological components with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

    Other Characteristics of Substance Dependence

    • Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of harmful consequences.
    • Continued use despite awareness of harm.

    Classifications of Substances

    • No specific information provided.

    Investigations

    • Routine investigations (hepatitis, HIV markers, liver, kidney functions).
    • Structured and semi-structured interview to confirm diagnosis.
    • Investigation to prepare the patient for treatment (ECG, CBC, Chest X-ray).

    Substance-Specific Information

    Alcohol

    • Blood Alcohol Level (BAL) - 0.08g/dl.
    • Mild and moderate intoxication symptoms:
      • Impaired attention, poor motor coordination.
      • Dystharthria, ataxia, nystagmus, slurred speech.
      • Prolonged reaction time, flushed face, orthostatic hypotension.
      • Hematemesis and stupor.
    • Pathological intoxication:
      • Excited, psychotic state following minimal consumption in susceptible individuals.

    Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal

    • Coarse tremors of hands, tongue, eyelids.
    • At least one of the following:
      • Nausea or vomiting.
      • Malaise or weakness.
      • Autonomic hyperactivity.
      • Anxiety, depressed mood or irritability.
      • Transient hallucination or illusions.
      • Headache, insomnia.

    Opiates

    • Patients rarely seek treatment for intoxication.
    • Overdose symptoms:
      • Respiratory and CNS depression.
      • Depression.
      • Gastric hypomotility with ileus.
      • Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
    • Withdrawal symptoms:
      • Lacrimation, rhinorrhea.
      • Diaphoresis, yawing, sneezing.
      • Malaise, irritability, nausea, and vomiting.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of withdrawal syndrome, also known as abstinence syndrome, which occurs when an individual stops or reduces the use of a substance after prolonged regular use. It is characterized by physical and psychological symptoms.

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