Psychiatry and Psychology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of psychiatry as compared to psychology?

Focusing solely on normal behavior

Diagnosing and treating mental disorders (correct)

Understanding human cognition and emotion

Studying environmental influences on behavior

Which of the following subcategories is not typically part of psychiatry?

Geriatric Psychiatry

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Forensic Psychiatry

Cognitive Behavioral Psychology (correct)

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the influence of environmental factors on behavior?

Behavioral perspective (correct)

Humanistic perspective

Psychodynamic perspective

Cognitive perspective

What type of study does psychiatry involve primarily?

Clinical medical study Signup and view all the answers

Which area is specifically addressed by child psychiatry?

Behavioral disorders in children Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive perspective in psychology primarily focus on?

Mental functions like memory and learning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about psychiatry?

It deals only with abnormal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between psychiatry and psychology?

Psychiatry focuses on diagnosing mental disorders, while psychology generally addresses normal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a short-lived emotional state?

Mood Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that physiological arousal must be cognitively interpreted before experiencing emotion?

Schachter-Singer Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a part of the definition of emotion?

Isolation from stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What technique is often used as a form of non-pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders?

Coping strategies Signup and view all the answers

According to Lazarus' theory, what must occur first before the experience of emotion?

Cognitive appraisal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the physiological response associated with fear?

Palpitations Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders?

Various psychotherapies Signup and view all the answers

What component can deeply influence the individual experiences of emotion?

Subjective experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the main belief of the humanistic psychological perspective regarding behavior?

Individuals have the free will to choose or change their behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a source of stress?

Gains Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response is primarily increased due to sympathetic stimulation during the initial stress response?

Cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic stress on an individual's genetic structure?

It can damage telomeres that protect chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary during the prolonged response to stress?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone Signup and view all the answers

What stage occurs if stress continues after the resistance stage?

Exhaustion stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) according to Selley?

Alarm stage Signup and view all the answers

How can sufficient information about a stressful event affect a person's response to stress?

It allows the person to tolerate the stress better. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the adrenal medulla have during the stress response?

Releases catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

According to psychodynamic theory, what aspect of a person's past is emphasized as influencing their behavior?

Early childhood experiences Signup and view all the answers

The general adaptation syndrome includes which of the following stages?

Alarm reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a personal factor that affects an individual's response to stress?

Personality style Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus during the stress response?

Secretion of corticotropin releasing factor Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hormonal levels during the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

They return to baseline levels Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes occur during the alarm stage of GAS?

Tremors and increased respiratory rate. Signup and view all the answers

Increased blood glucose levels during the resistance stage are primarily due to the action of which hormone?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What strategy can enhance a person's capacity to tolerate stress?

Engaging in activities such as thinking about a vacation Signup and view all the answers

What type of strategies involves considering the problem in a different light?

Appraisal-focused strategies Signup and view all the answers

In a medical context, how can psychological risk be minimized for patients?

Enhance sensory and social input for patients Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of anxiety disorders?

Somatic symptoms accompanied by vague feelings of fear Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered a normal response of anxiety?

Anxiety that is well adapted to the situation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological complaint among hospitalized patients?

Chronic pain management issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how normal anxiety affects performance?

It improves performance by heightening body awareness Signup and view all the answers

How should patients be encouraged to control their environment?

By allowing adjustments to lighting and pain medication Signup and view all the answers

What are common disturbances observed in psychotic disorders?

Flat affect and impaired memory Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia?

Distorted perception including hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is characterized by persistent delusions without other significant symptoms of schizophrenia?

Delusional disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of onset for schizophrenia in males and females?

15-25 for males, 25-35 for females Signup and view all the answers

Which type of symptoms does not typically categorize as negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Delusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of psychotic disorders in the USA?

1-1.5% Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach is often included in the bio-psycho-social treatment of psychotic disorders?

Antipsychotic drugs Signup and view all the answers

How long must symptoms persist to meet the clinical criteria for schizophrenia?

At least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychiatry Lecture Outline

Psychiatry is the study of human behavior and psychology.
Topics covered include: introduction to human behavior and psychology, stress and psychosomatic disorder, anxiety disorders, emotion and emotional disorders, psychosis and psychotic disorders, and child development and behavioral disorders in children.

Behavioral Science Definition

Behavioral science includes any course concerned with human action.
Related disciplines include psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and anthropology.

Psychiatry vs. Psychology

Psychology studies normal behavior, exploring cognition, emotion, and how people behave in situations.
Psychiatry focuses on diagnosing and treating abnormal behavior.
Some argue psychiatry is a misnomer.

Psychological Perspectives

Behavioral perspective: Environmental factors influence behavior.
Cognitive perspective: Mental functions like attention and memory are key.
Biological perspective: Genetics, neurotransmitters, and hormones influence behavior.
Humanistic perspective: Inner feelings and self-image impact behavior.
Psychodynamic perspective: Childhood experiences influence future behavior.

Stress and Psychosomatic Disorder

Stress is an unpleasant situation or event that can affect every individual, with varying yielding points.
Stress sources include changes, losses, and interpersonal conflicts.
Stress can have genetic factors; chronic stress can affect gene structure, making individuals more susceptible to illness.
Personal factors, prior experience, and lack of control over stress can impact response.
Circumstances, such as social support, also affect reaction to stressful situations.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describes the body's physiological response to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.

Psychological Response to Stress

Feeling anxious and threatened during alarm stage.
Coping strategies are essential. Failure equates to potential illness.
Direct coping (confrontation, compromise, withdrawal) and indirect coping (defensive mechanisms, drug abuse), are both employed by those under stress
Failure to cope with stress results in psychiatric disorders like adjustment disorder, acute stress reaction, PTSD, and general psychiatric disorders.

Psychosomatic Disorders

Psychosomatic disorders are physical illnesses worsened or caused by psychological factors.
Psychological factors impact a person's body's regulatory functions, resulting in physical symptoms.
Management includes education on body-mind relationships, identifying stressors, and employing coping strategies (relaxation exercises, anger management, or cognitive behavioral therapy).
Using psychological coping tools such as controlling stress sources, external demands, problem focused strategies or thinking about problems from different perspectives are all useful tools to manage stress and mood regulation.
In addition, medication is an important aspect of management.

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders involve a diffuse, unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension, often accompanied by somatic symptoms.
Anxiety can be adaptive, functioning as a response to threats.
Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Psychological symptoms include worry, irritability, and hypersensitivity.
Somatic symptoms, such as dry mouth, sweating, increased heart rate, and tremors may be presented, and/or cognitive symptoms like difficulty with concentration.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is characterized by unwanted thoughts, images, impulses, or fears leading to repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
Medical causes of anxiety include thyroid issues, tumors, and neurological problems.

Emotion and Emotional Disorders

Emotion is a complex reaction involving experience, thoughts, behavior, and physiology.
Emotions are subjective experiences (e.g., arousal), Cognitive processes (thoughts related to the situation), Physiological adjustments (physical responses like heart rate), and Behavioral responses (changes in behavior).
The Subjective experience can be highly subjective, meaning it varies greatly among individuals.
The cognitive process may result in a specific response in one person; meanwhile someone else might perceive the same experience uniquely.
The Physiological and behavioral responses can be either normal or abnormal in the case of emotional disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

MDD presents with depressed mood and sadness, often more severe in the morning.
Associated symptoms include loss of interest, worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, and fatigue.
Physical (somatic) symptoms can include loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and pain.
Behavioral symptoms may include social withdrawal or self-neglect.
A diagnosis is clinical, with consideration for mood, physical and behavior aspects.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of manic episodes alternating with depressive symptoms.
Manic episodes involve elevated mood and hyperactivity.
Potential treatments for manic and depressive episodes include medication and psychotherapy.

Psychotic Disorders

Psychosis is a condition involving a distortion of reality and significant changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior.
Forms of psychotic disorders include schizophrenia, acute psychotic episodes, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder.
Diagnosis is clinical, with assessment of duration of symptoms, and severity of symptoms, with potential for organicity exclusion
Treatments include anti-psychotic medications; therapy and/or hospitalization may be necessary.

Child Development and Behavioral Disorders

Normal childhood development includes distinct milestones in language acquisition, adaptive behaviors, and physical development.
Statistical prevalence rates show a range of mental health disorders in children.
Disorders like ADHD and autism spectrum disorder are important to consider in children.
The disorders display symptoms of behavioral or emotional distress, requiring clinical assessment by specialists for a proper diagnosis

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in psychiatry and psychology, detailing human behavior, emotion, anxiety disorders, and developmental issues. It also distinguishes between psychiatry and psychology, examining how both fields address abnormal behavior. Dive into the various psychological perspectives that shape our understanding of human behavior.