Psychiatric Nursing Interventions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which intervention is crucial for assessing the risk of harm in a patient with schizophrenia?

  • Administer medication
  • Encourage reality based activities
  • Ask if hallucinations are instructing them to harm themselves or others (correct)
  • Provide non-judgmental support

Which nursing intervention is important for promoting patient autonomy as symptoms improve?

  • Teach coping skills for managing hallucinations
  • Allow patient to make small decisions regarding daily activities (correct)
  • Provide encouragement in a non-judgmental way
  • Avoid arguing about delusions

Which type of therapy is aimed at improving social interactions in patients with schizophrenia?

  • Psychosocial rehabilitation
  • Social skill therapy (correct)
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Family therapy

What approach should a nurse take when a patient expresses delusions?

<p>Gently reorient the patient as necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy strategy involves the patient's family in their treatment?

<p>Family therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of bipolar disorder?

<p>Individuals can feel both extremely excited and deeply depressed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the emotional states associated with bipolar disorder?

<p>Extreme highs of excitement and drastic lows of depression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the bipolar symptoms in substance-induced bipolar disorder?

<p>Physiological effects of a substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might someone with bipolar disorder feel during a manic phase?

<p>Immensely excited and energetic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a typical feature of bipolar disorder?

<p>Constantly stable moods over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of substance-induced bipolar disorder?

<p>Inherited bipolar disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bipolar disorder, what can be said about periods of depression?

<p>They follow periods of high emotional peaks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substance could potentially cause bipolar symptoms?

<p>Prescription medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about substance-induced bipolar disorder?

<p>It is always caused by illicit drug use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the nature of bipolar symptoms in substance-induced bipolar disorder?

<p>They are directly linked to the effects of a substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of Bipolar I disorder?

<p>Having a full syndrome of manic or mixed symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about individuals diagnosed with Bipolar I disorder?

<p>They may experience periods of depression alongside mania. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder?

<p>Full syndrome of manic or mixed symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can periods of depression in a Bipolar I disorder patient be characterized?

<p>They can occur alongside manic episodes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the mood episodes in Bipolar I disorder?

<p>Episodes may include severe mania and deep depression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased salt intake have on lithium levels?

<p>Reduces serum lithium levels and efficacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients be cautious about regarding their salt intake while on lithium treatment?

<p>Significantly increasing or decreasing salt intake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might result from a reduced salt intake for patients taking lithium?

<p>Increased lithium serum levels and toxicity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should lithium patients avoid significant changes in salt intake?

<p>To avoid fluctuations in serum lithium levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following consequences can occur from improper salt intake management in lithium therapy?

<p>Reduced efficacy or increased toxicity of lithium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a mental health nursing plan to support structured activities?

<p>Provide structured solitary activities with assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice for managing patient energy levels?

<p>Provide frequent rest periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nursing in structured solitary activities?

<p>To provide assistance when needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is providing solitary activities beneficial in mental health nursing?

<p>It helps to minimize overstimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should rest periods be incorporated into patient care?

<p>They should be frequent to support recovery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by alternating periods of elevated mood, energy and activity (mania) and low mood, energy and activity (depression).

Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia

A type of therapy that uses medication to manage symptoms of schizophrenia.

Encourage Patient Communication

A nursing intervention that involves encouraging patients to express themselves through various means, including verbal communication, drawing, and writing.

Reality-Based Activities for Schizophrenia

A nursing intervention that involves providing patients with real-life activities, such as religious practices, music, art, or games.

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Redirect Inappropriate Behaviors

A nursing intervention that involves guiding patients with inappropriate behaviors, setting clear boundaries, and providing structure.

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Structured Solitary Activities

These are activities that patients can do alone and that help them to focus and relax, with the support of a healthcare professional.

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Frequent Rest Periods

Regular breaks are given to patients to rest and recharge, preventing exhaustion and promoting well-being.

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Mania

A state of high energy, increased activity, and often elevated mood.

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Hypomania

A milder form of mania, characterized by elevated mood and energy but without the severe symptoms of mania.

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Depression

A prolonged state of sadness, loss of interest, and low energy.

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Abnormal Mood Fluctuations

The extreme highs and lows of mood in bipolar disorder are abnormal and can significantly impact a person's daily life.

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Mixed Episode

A state where both manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously.

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Bipolar I Disorder Diagnosis

The formal diagnosis given to someone experiencing full-blown manic or mixed episodes, including potential history of depressive states.

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Substance-Induced Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder symptoms caused directly by the effects of a substance, such as drugs, medications, or toxins.

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Substance Causing Bipolar Symptoms

A substance that can directly cause bipolar-like symptoms, such as drugs, medications, or toxins.

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Stimulants Causing Bipolar Symptoms

A stimulant that can cause bipolar-like symptoms, such as heightened energy, restlessness, and racing thoughts.

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Depressants Causing Bipolar Symptoms

A depressant that can cause bipolar-like symptoms, such as low mood, lack of energy, and difficulty concentrating.

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Physiological Effects of Substances

The physical effects of a substance that lead to bipolar disorder symptoms.

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Lithium and Salt Interaction

A change in salt intake can impact lithium levels in the body. Increasing salt intake may lower lithium levels, potentially reducing its effectiveness. Decreasing salt intake may increase lithium levels, leading to toxicity.

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Low Salt, High Lithium

Reducing salt intake can lead to higher lithium levels, potentially causing side effects or toxicity.

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High Salt, Low Lithium

Increasing salt intake can lower lithium levels, making it less effective in treating bipolar disorder.

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Lithium Levels Require Monitoring

Lithium levels need to be monitored closely when salt intake changes.

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Stable Salt Intake for Bipolar Patients

Patients with bipolar disorder should be advised to avoid significant changes in salt intake.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Mental Health Nursing

  • Health: The degree of well-being experienced by the client.
  • Psychology: The study of normal and abnormal mental processes, their effect on behavior, and attitudes.
  • Psychiatry: A medical branch diagnosing, treating, and managing mental illness.
  • Psychiatric Nursing: Promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, and caring for individuals with mental illness in hospitals and communities.
  • Mental Disorder: These are conventionally divided into several categories: mental illness, several learning disabilities, and personal disorders.
  • Mind Function Classification: Cognitive, mood, and behavior categories further described by subcategories.

Classification of Psychiatric Diseases

  • Psychosis, Neurosis, Psychoneurosis, Addictions, Psychosomatic.

Effect of Mental Disorder

  • Cognitive Disorder: Focuses on thought processes.
  • Content Disorder: Detailed classification of delusions and hallucinations.

Behavior Disorder

  • Includes motor response disorders (hyperkinesia, cataplexy, compulsive behaviors, and stupor)
  • Speech disorders (mutism, aphasia)
  • Eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia)
  • Sleeping disorders (insomnia)

Psychosis Definition

  • A condition affecting the mind, resulting in a loss of contact with reality.

Causes of Psychosis

  • Primary: Genetic factors
  • Secondary: Malignancy, metabolic disorders, and electrolyte disturbances

Biochemical Factors

  • Increase or decrease of dopamine secretion
  • Neurological and Social factors

Medication Drugs and Postpartum

  • Medications taken after childbirth

Psychosis Symptoms

  • Mid symptoms (depression, sleep problems, and feelings of suspicion)
  • Severe symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and speech).

Psychosis vs Neurosis

  • Psychosis: Severe mental disorder, loss of touch with reality
  • Neurosis: Less severe, milder mental impairment

Delusions

  • Types of delusions: persecution or mistaken idea, reference or control, religious, guilt, jealousy, grandiose, somatic.

Hallucinations

  • Types of hallucination: auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory
  • False sensory perceptions not connected to real stimuli.

Diagnosis of Psychosis

  • Patient and family history, clinical examination, imaging scans (CT, MRI, X-ray), ECG, EEG, and electrolyte tests

Treatment of Psychosis

  • Pharmacological therapy (anti-psychotics, specific medications, etc.)
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Psychological therapies (social skill therapy, family therapy)
  • Psychosocial rehabilitation

Nursing Interventions for Psychosis

  • Assess patient behavior
  • Encourage communication,
  • Redirect inappropriate behavior,
  • Maintain boundaries
  • Encourage reality-based activities.

Bipolar Disorder

  • Emotional ups and downs, abnormally high or low emotional states
  • Types: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymic disorder.
  • Causes: Biological factors (genetics, biochemistry, physiology) including medication side effects and medical conditions.
  • Symptoms: heightened mood or agitation, grandiose ideas, exaggerated self-esteem, sleeplessness, pressured speech.
  • Clinical Manifestations: Flight of ideas, reduced ability to filter stimulus, increased activities, multiple activities with high-risk and poor judgment

Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis and Assessment

  • Complete blood count, ESR, fasting blood glucose, electrolytes, and proteins.
  • Additional blood tests for thyroid hormone, cretonne, BUN.

Bipolar Disorder Treatment

  • Psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Pharmacological management (anti-psychotics, mood stabilizers like lithium, anxiolytics.)
  • Diet plan
  • Activity and schedule

Bipolar Nursing Interventions

  • Safe environment, meeting physiological needs, therapeutic communication, encouraging appropriate behavior, managing medications.

General Nursing Interventions

  • Structured solitary activities, frequent rest periods, and high-calorie fluids

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