Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus in the example of the dog getting excited by the sound of opening a plastic package?
The picture of Santa Claus is an example of a(n)
conditioned stimulus
What is the conditioned stimulus in the example of feeling nauseous when walking by a particular restaurant?
restaurant
At the start of the experiment, the 'beep' is best described as the
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This is an example of _____ when participants blink at words that rhyme with 'six'.
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This is an example of _____ when the toddler lost her fear of peaches.
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If Pavlov's dogs do not salivate in response to a whistle, this would be an example of _____
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Jason's carefulness around shoppers after an incident is an example of _____
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The behavior of starting a video for your little brother has been _____
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When your teacher deducts points from your grade for being late, it is an example of _____
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Treating yourself with a favorite snack after completing assigned questions is an example of _____
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Getting a 10-minute break after completing five pairs of shoes is an example of what type of reinforcement schedule?
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What type of reinforcement schedule involves rewarding based on the time elapsed since the last reward?
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Selling a car after a random number of tries is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?
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When your professor gives quizzes randomly throughout the semester, it is an example of which type of schedule?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Concepts
- Unconditioned stimulus: Dog treats lead to natural excitement in dogs.
- Conditioned stimulus: A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, e.g., picture of Santa Claus causing discomfort.
- Conditioned response: Response evoked by a conditioned stimulus, like nausea from seeing a restaurant after feeling sick there.
Neutral Stimulus and Conditioning
- Neutral stimulus: A sound, like a "beep," that initially does not elicit a response, but becomes a conditioned stimulus after association with an unconditioned stimulus.
Generalization and Discrimination
- Generalization: Responding similarly to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, exemplified by blinking at words rhyming with "six."
- Discrimination: The ability to differentiate between stimuli, such as not salivating to a whistle after being conditioned to salivate to a bell.
Types of Reinforcement and Punishment
- Positive punishment: Decreasing behavior by introducing an aversive consequence, e.g., being yelled at reduces bumping into people.
- Negatively reinforced behavior: Engaging in an action to avoid unpleasantness, like starting a video to keep a sibling occupied.
- Negative punishment: Taking away a positive stimulus to reduce unwanted behavior, illustrated by losing points for tardiness.
Reinforcement Schedules
- Positive reinforcement: Rewarding behavior to increase its occurrence, such as treating oneself after completing tasks.
- Fixed ratio schedule: Reinforcement after a set number of responses, e.g., taking a break after completing five pairs of shoes.
- Fixed interval schedule: Reinforcement after a fixed time period, exemplified by rewarding a rat after a set time has elapsed.
- Variable ratio schedule: Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, as seen in car sales.
- Variable interval schedule: Unpredictable reinforcement over varying times, such as sporadic pop quizzes by a professor.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning concepts with these flashcards from Psych 101 Chapter 6. This quiz covers essential terms and examples that will help you understand learning processes better.
