30 Questions
What is the Latin meaning of the term 'Ablatus'?
Carrying away
What happens to the functions of a brain region when it is destroyed through experimental ablation?
They are impaired
What is the purpose of using radio frequency (RF) current in producing brain lesions?
To destroy the brain tissue
What type of lesion is used to kill the cell bodies at a specific region while sparing the axon?
Excitotoxic lesion
What does the term 'lesion study' refer to?
Experimental ablation
What is the purpose of producing brain lesions in research?
To understand the function of a specific brain region
What is the primary purpose of anterograde labeling method in tracing neural connections?
To reveal the brain regions that receive the output of a brain structure
What type of protein is used in anterograde labeling method?
A protein derived from kidney beans
What is the purpose of injecting PHA-L into a specific brain tissue?
To trace the axons and terminals buttons of neurons in the stained brain region
What is the result of using an immunocytochemical method in anterograde labeling?
Detection of certain proteins, such as PHA-L
What type of axons are leaving a brain structure?
Efferent axons
What is the purpose of tracing neural connections in a lesioned brain structure?
All of the above
What is the function of Superconducting Quantum Inference Devices (SQUIDs) in MEG?
To detect the tiny magnetic fields on the scalp
What is the purpose of injecting 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) in the bloodstream?
To measure the metabolic activity of the brain tissue
What is the role of Fos protein in measuring neural activity?
It is a protein produced as a result of synaptic stimulation
What is the main difference between MEG and PET?
MEG is used for animals, while PET is used for humans
What is the purpose of autoradiography in measuring neural activity?
To show the brain tissues under radiation that absorbed 2-DG
What happens to the brain tissues when they are active?
They increase their metabolic activity
What is the function of 2-DG in measuring brain activity?
To measure glucose uptake in active brain tissues
What is the main disadvantage of using 2-DG in brain imaging?
It has a short lifetime, making it difficult to store
What is the principle behind BOLD signal in fMRI?
Changes in blood oxygen levels affect the properties of hydrogen atoms
What is the advantage of fMRI over PET scans?
Cheaper and higher spatial resolution
What is the limitation of fMRI in terms of measuring neural activity?
The blood activity is slower than the neuronal activity
What is the purpose of stimulating neural activity in specific brain structures?
To understand the effect on behavior, emotions, and perception
What is the primary purpose of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?
To apply a magnetic field to a specific location on the cerebral cortex
Which method involves measuring the activity of certain neurotransmitters in brain tissue?
Neurochemical methods
How are peptides/proteins localized in brain tissue?
Using immunocytochemical methods
What is the purpose of autoradiography in neurochemical methods?
To localize receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
What is the limitation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?
It can only stimulate the surface of the brain
What is the purpose of localizing enzymes that produce a specific neurotransmitter?
To identify specific neurons that produce a neurotransmitter
Explore the methods and strategies of research in brain and behavior, including experimental ablation, lesion studies, and the impact of destroying brain tissues on behaviors and cognitions.
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