PSYC220: Brain and Behavior Research Methods

What is the Latin meaning of the term 'Ablatus'?

Carrying away (correct)
Destroying
Repairing
Bringing back

What happens to the functions of a brain region when it is destroyed through experimental ablation?

They are impaired (correct)
They are enhanced
They remain unaffected
They are eliminated completely

What is the purpose of using radio frequency (RF) current in producing brain lesions?

To destroy the brain tissue (correct)
To repair the brain damage
To stimulate the axons
To stimulate the brain region

What type of lesion is used to kill the cell bodies at a specific region while sparing the axon?

Excitotoxic lesion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lesion study' refer to?

Experimental ablation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of producing brain lesions in research?

To understand the function of a specific brain region (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of anterograde labeling method in tracing neural connections?

To reveal the brain regions that receive the output of a brain structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is used in anterograde labeling method?

A protein derived from kidney beans (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of injecting PHA-L into a specific brain tissue?

To trace the axons and terminals buttons of neurons in the stained brain region (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using an immunocytochemical method in anterograde labeling?

Detection of certain proteins, such as PHA-L (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of axons are leaving a brain structure?

Efferent axons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tracing neural connections in a lesioned brain structure?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Superconducting Quantum Inference Devices (SQUIDs) in MEG?

To detect the tiny magnetic fields on the scalp (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of injecting 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) in the bloodstream?

To measure the metabolic activity of the brain tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Fos protein in measuring neural activity?

It is a protein produced as a result of synaptic stimulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between MEG and PET?

MEG is used for animals, while PET is used for humans (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of autoradiography in measuring neural activity?

To show the brain tissues under radiation that absorbed 2-DG (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the brain tissues when they are active?

They increase their metabolic activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 2-DG in measuring brain activity?

To measure glucose uptake in active brain tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of using 2-DG in brain imaging?

It has a short lifetime, making it difficult to store (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind BOLD signal in fMRI?

Changes in blood oxygen levels affect the properties of hydrogen atoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of fMRI over PET scans?

Cheaper and higher spatial resolution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of fMRI in terms of measuring neural activity?

The blood activity is slower than the neuronal activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stimulating neural activity in specific brain structures?

To understand the effect on behavior, emotions, and perception (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

To apply a magnetic field to a specific location on the cerebral cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves measuring the activity of certain neurotransmitters in brain tissue?

Neurochemical methods (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are peptides/proteins localized in brain tissue?

Using immunocytochemical methods (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of autoradiography in neurochemical methods?

To localize receptors on the postsynaptic neuron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

It can only stimulate the surface of the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of localizing enzymes that produce a specific neurotransmitter?

To identify specific neurons that produce a neurotransmitter (C) Signup and view all the answers