PSYC 5130 Transduction: Photoreceptors Quiz

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Which type of photoreceptor cells are more abundant in the human eye?

Bipolar cells

Ganglion cells

Cones

Rods (correct)

Where in the retina do cones have a higher concentration than rods?

Ganglion cell layer

Peripheral region

Fovea (correct)

Bipolar cell layer

Which part of the retina is responsible for the highest acuity vision?

Ganglion cell layer

Bipolar cell layer

Peripheral region

Fovea (correct)

What is the function of the extraocular muscles in the eye?

Move the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rod and cone cells?

Light sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells allow light to directly reach the photoreceptors without passing through other retinal layers?

Cells in the fovea Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of visual perception?

Transduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting potential in most neurons?

-70 mV Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells are excited by light in the central field and inhibited by light in the surrounding field?

ON cells Signup and view all the answers

What effect occurs when ganglion cells are excited or inhibited for a prolonged period of time?

Rebound effect Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells briefly detect moving or suddenly appearing stimuli?

ON/OFF ganglion cells Signup and view all the answers

In the receptive fields of ganglion cells, what is emphasized in areas where luminance changes sharply?

Edges Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that ganglion cells exhibit a rebound effect after being excited or inhibited for a prolonged period?

Opponent Process Theory Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is primarily responsible for perceiving edge information in visual stimuli?

Cone cells Signup and view all the answers

Which visual phenomenon involves the creation of emphasis on areas with sharp luminance changes?

Mach bands Signup and view all the answers

'ON' and 'OFF' ganglion cells respond differently to stimuli presented in which parts of their receptive fields?

'ON' responds to the center, 'OFF' responds to the surround Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

Cone cells are responsible for color vision, while rod cells are responsible for low-light vision. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of color blindness according to the text?

Anomalies in one or more of the three types of cone opsins. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes that mixing blue, green, and red receptor types gives us color perception?

Trichromatic Theory Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a color-sensitive ganglion cell's firing rate when its receptive field is illuminated with a complementary color?

The firing rate decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of color blindness is characterized by a lack of the red cone?

Protanopia Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of a neuron's receptive field depend on visual information?

It depends on the location of photoreceptors in the retina. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the Opponent Process Theory?

When a portion is illuminated with a complementary color, firing rate decreases. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of rod and cone distribution in the retina, which statement is correct?

Cones are concentrated in the fovea for high acuity vision, while rods are more prevalent in the periphery. Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?

Cone cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of acuity is typically higher in the fovea compared to the periphery of the retina?

Spatial acuity Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is responsible for processing information from the optic nerves before transmitting it to the visual cortex?

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'Simple' Visual Cortex Cells according to Hubel and Wiesel?

Respond to a bar of light in a particular orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of color blindness in humans?

Deficiency in cone cell types Signup and view all the answers

In the visual pathway, where do the axons of ganglion cells join together and cross over to form the optic chiasm?

At the base of the brain Signup and view all the answers

'Center-Surround Fields' in retinal ganglion cells refer to:

Patterns that enhance contrast perception Signup and view all the answers

'Extrastriate Cortex' refers to brain regions beyond which area?

'Striate Cortex' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

Rods work under low-intensity light, while cones require more light. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when light strikes a photoreceptor?

Hyperpolarization occurs. Signup and view all the answers

How do ganglion cells in the fovea differ from those in the periphery?

Ganglion cells in the periphery receive input from more photoreceptors than those in the fovea. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does light have on rhodopsin and cone-opsin?

Light activates an enzyme that breaks down the messenger for opening Na+ channels. Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors?

Absorption of light by rhodopsin or cone-opsin Signup and view all the answers

How does decreased neurotransmitter release from a photoreceptor affect a bipolar cell?

Leads to depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a photoreceptor releases less neurotransmitter?

Ganglion cell is inhibited Signup and view all the answers

How do rods and cones differ in their response to light intensity?

Rods require more light to respond compared to cones. Signup and view all the answers

PSYC 5130 Transduction: Photoreceptors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of photoreceptor cells are more abundant in the human eye?

Where in the retina do cones have a higher concentration than rods?

Which part of the retina is responsible for the highest acuity vision?

What is the function of the extraocular muscles in the eye?

What is the main difference between rod and cone cells?

Which cells allow light to directly reach the photoreceptors without passing through other retinal layers?

What is the first step in the process of visual perception?

What is the resting potential in most neurons?

Which type of ganglion cells are excited by light in the central field and inhibited by light in the surrounding field?

What effect occurs when ganglion cells are excited or inhibited for a prolonged period of time?

Which type of ganglion cells briefly detect moving or suddenly appearing stimuli?

In the receptive fields of ganglion cells, what is emphasized in areas where luminance changes sharply?

Which theory states that ganglion cells exhibit a rebound effect after being excited or inhibited for a prolonged period?

What type of cell is primarily responsible for perceiving edge information in visual stimuli?

Which visual phenomenon involves the creation of emphasis on areas with sharp luminance changes?

'ON' and 'OFF' ganglion cells respond differently to stimuli presented in which parts of their receptive fields?

What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

What is a potential cause of color blindness according to the text?

Which theory proposes that mixing blue, green, and red receptor types gives us color perception?

What happens to a color-sensitive ganglion cell's firing rate when its receptive field is illuminated with a complementary color?

Which type of color blindness is characterized by a lack of the red cone?

How does the location of a neuron's receptive field depend on visual information?

What is the main idea behind the Opponent Process Theory?

In terms of rod and cone distribution in the retina, which statement is correct?

Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?

What type of acuity is typically higher in the fovea compared to the periphery of the retina?

Which area of the brain is responsible for processing information from the optic nerves before transmitting it to the visual cortex?

What is a characteristic of 'Simple' Visual Cortex Cells according to Hubel and Wiesel?

What is the main cause of color blindness in humans?

In the visual pathway, where do the axons of ganglion cells join together and cross over to form the optic chiasm?

'Center-Surround Fields' in retinal ganglion cells refer to:

'Extrastriate Cortex' refers to brain regions beyond which area?

What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

What happens when light strikes a photoreceptor?

How do ganglion cells in the fovea differ from those in the periphery?

What effect does light have on rhodopsin and cone-opsin?

What process leads to hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors?

How does decreased neurotransmitter release from a photoreceptor affect a bipolar cell?

What happens when a photoreceptor releases less neurotransmitter?

How do rods and cones differ in their response to light intensity?

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