PSYC 5130 Transduction: Photoreceptors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of photoreceptor cells are more abundant in the human eye?

  • Bipolar cells
  • Ganglion cells
  • Cones
  • Rods (correct)

    • Where in the retina do cones have a higher concentration than rods?

  • Ganglion cell layer
  • Peripheral region
  • Fovea (correct)
  • Bipolar cell layer

    • Which part of the retina is responsible for the highest acuity vision?

  • Ganglion cell layer
  • Bipolar cell layer
  • Peripheral region
  • Fovea (correct)

    • What is the function of the extraocular muscles in the eye?

    <p>Move the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rod and cone cells?

    <p>Light sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells allow light to directly reach the photoreceptors without passing through other retinal layers?

    <p>Cells in the fovea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of visual perception?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting potential in most neurons?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ganglion cells are excited by light in the central field and inhibited by light in the surrounding field?

    <p>ON cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect occurs when ganglion cells are excited or inhibited for a prolonged period of time?

    <p>Rebound effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ganglion cells briefly detect moving or suddenly appearing stimuli?

    <p>ON/OFF ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the receptive fields of ganglion cells, what is emphasized in areas where luminance changes sharply?

    <p>Edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that ganglion cells exhibit a rebound effect after being excited or inhibited for a prolonged period?

    <p>Opponent Process Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is primarily responsible for perceiving edge information in visual stimuli?

    <p>Cone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual phenomenon involves the creation of emphasis on areas with sharp luminance changes?

    <p>Mach bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'ON' and 'OFF' ganglion cells respond differently to stimuli presented in which parts of their receptive fields?

    <p>'ON' responds to the center, 'OFF' responds to the surround</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

    <p>Cone cells are responsible for color vision, while rod cells are responsible for low-light vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of color blindness according to the text?

    <p>Anomalies in one or more of the three types of cone opsins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes that mixing blue, green, and red receptor types gives us color perception?

    <p>Trichromatic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a color-sensitive ganglion cell's firing rate when its receptive field is illuminated with a complementary color?

    <p>The firing rate decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of color blindness is characterized by a lack of the red cone?

    <p>Protanopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the location of a neuron's receptive field depend on visual information?

    <p>It depends on the location of photoreceptors in the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Opponent Process Theory?

    <p>When a portion is illuminated with a complementary color, firing rate decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of rod and cone distribution in the retina, which statement is correct?

    <p>Cones are concentrated in the fovea for high acuity vision, while rods are more prevalent in the periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the retina are responsible for color vision?

    <p>Cone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acuity is typically higher in the fovea compared to the periphery of the retina?

    <p>Spatial acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is responsible for processing information from the optic nerves before transmitting it to the visual cortex?

    <p>Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of 'Simple' Visual Cortex Cells according to Hubel and Wiesel?

    <p>Respond to a bar of light in a particular orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of color blindness in humans?

    <p>Deficiency in cone cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the visual pathway, where do the axons of ganglion cells join together and cross over to form the optic chiasm?

    <p>At the base of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Center-Surround Fields' in retinal ganglion cells refer to:

    <p>Patterns that enhance contrast perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Extrastriate Cortex' refers to brain regions beyond which area?

    <p>'Striate Cortex'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rod cells and cone cells?

    <p>Rods work under low-intensity light, while cones require more light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when light strikes a photoreceptor?

    <p>Hyperpolarization occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ganglion cells in the fovea differ from those in the periphery?

    <p>Ganglion cells in the periphery receive input from more photoreceptors than those in the fovea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does light have on rhodopsin and cone-opsin?

    <p>Light activates an enzyme that breaks down the messenger for opening Na+ channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors?

    <p>Absorption of light by rhodopsin or cone-opsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased neurotransmitter release from a photoreceptor affect a bipolar cell?

    <p>Leads to depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a photoreceptor releases less neurotransmitter?

    <p>Ganglion cell is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rods and cones differ in their response to light intensity?

    <p>Rods require more light to respond compared to cones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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