PSYC 108 Cognitive Neuroscience Winter 2023 - Midterm 1 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

  • Ventricles and CSF
  • Limbic system
  • Thalamus & hypothalamus
  • Basal ganglia (correct)

Which type of white matter tracts connects different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere?

  • Commissural fibers
  • Corpus callosum
  • Association fibers (correct)
  • Projection fibers

Which method provides information about the brain with high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution?

  • EEG (electroencephalography)
  • PET (positron emission tomography)
  • fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) (correct)
  • MEG (magnetoencephalography)

What does the concept of 'grandmother cell' refer to in neural representation?

<p>A theoretical cell that responds specifically to images or concepts related to one's grandmother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In neural imaging studies, what is the purpose of including control conditions?

<p>To establish a baseline for comparison with the experimental condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main results/implications of the Quiroga, et al. study in neural representation?

<p>Identification of unique patterns of neural firing for specific concepts or images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

<p>Processing and relaying sensory information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white matter tracts connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Commissural fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method provides information about the brain with high temporal resolution and high invasiveness?

<p>EEG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including control conditions in neural imaging studies?

<p>To establish a baseline for comparison and account for confounding variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'grandmother cell' refer to in neural representation?

<p>A neuron that responds selectively to complex visual stimuli, such as faces or objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main results/implications of the Quiroga, et al. study in neural representation?

<p>Identification of specific neurons responsive to abstract concepts like justice and democracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the limbic system in the brain?

<p>Regulating emotions and memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white matter tracts connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Commissural fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal ganglia in the brain?

<p>Coordinating movement and balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of neural imaging provides high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution?

<p>CT scan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'Grandmother cell' refer to in neural representation?

<p>Neurons that respond to complex concepts or objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in the ventricles of the brain?

<p>Providing structural support and cushioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the Basal Ganglia?

The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei responsible for coordinating movement and balance.

What are Association Fibers?

Association fibers are white matter tracts that connect different regions within the same hemisphere of the brain.

What is the trade-off for fMRI?

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) provides high spatial resolution, allowing us to see detailed brain structures, but has low temporal resolution, meaning it doesn't capture brain activity quickly.

What is the 'grandmother cell' theory?

The 'grandmother cell' theory proposes a neuron dedicated to recognizing a specific individual, concept, or complex visual stimulus.

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Why are control conditions used in neural imaging?

Control conditions in neural imaging studies act as a baseline, allowing researchers to compare brain activity in an experimental condition to a normal state.

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What did the Quiroga, et al. study show?

The Quiroga, et al. study found evidence for neurons that specifically respond to abstract concepts like justice and democracy, suggesting a level of complexity in neural representation.

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What is the role of the thalamus?

The primary function of the thalamus is to process and relay sensory information from various parts of the body to the cortex.

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What are Commissural Fibers?

Commissural fibers are white matter tracts that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, enabling communication between them.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of EEG?

EEG (electroencephalography) offers high temporal resolution, capturing brain activity rapidly, but it's invasive, using electrodes placed on the scalp to record brain waves.

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Why are control conditions important in neural imaging?

Control conditions are crucial in neural imaging to isolate the effects of the specific manipulation being studied, separating it from other factors or variables.

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What does the 'grandmother cell' theory propose?

The 'grandmother cell' is a hypothetical neuron that would respond to a specific, complex stimulus, although there's debate whether such specialized neurons actually exist.

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What was the key finding of the Quiroga, et al. study?

Quiroga, et al. showed evidence for neurons that respond to specific concepts or objects, going beyond simple sensory input.

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What is the limbic system?

The limbic system is a group of structures responsible for regulating emotions, memory, and motivation. It plays a key role in emotional responses and memory formation.

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What is the function of Commissural fibers?

Commissural fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication and information sharing.

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What role do the basal ganglia play in the brain?

The basal ganglia play a central role in coordinating movement and balance. They help in planning and executing smooth, controlled movements.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a CT scan?

CT scans provide high spatial resolution, allowing us to see detailed anatomical structures, but they have low temporal resolution, meaning they don't show the brain in action quickly.

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What is the 'grandmother cell' concept?

The 'grandmother cell' is a theoretical neuron that responds to a single, complex stimulus, like an image or concept.

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What is the function of the CSF?

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is found in brain ventricles and provides cushioning, structural support, and helps remove waste products from the brain.

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