Week 9
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Questions and Answers

Which metaphor focuses on the structure of intelligence?

  • Biological metaphor
  • Geographic metaphor (correct)
  • Computational metaphor
  • Sociological metaphor

    • What are the three types of information processing according to Sternberg's theory of intelligence?

  • Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial
  • Memory, cognition, evaluation
  • General factor, specific factors, environmental factors
  • Metacomponents, performance components, knowledge acquisition components (correct)

    • What does the structure of intellect model consist of?

    Processes, contents, and products

    The biological metaphor of intelligence is based on the mind as a computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two types of intelligence according to Gardner's theory.

    <p>Linguistic, logical-mathematical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the intelligence test with its characteristics:

    <p>Stanford-Binet = Measures various cognitive abilities and includes assessments from age 2 to adults WAIS = Designed for adults with a focus on various cognitive tasks WISC = Created for children aged 6-16 years Wechsler-Bellevue = The first Wechsler test designed to measure adult intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mean IQ score is ______.

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wechsler tests include separate assessments for both adults and children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the raw score in IQ tests?

    <p>It is transformed into a z score for comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between general factor 'g' and specific factors according to the two-factor theory?

    <p>g is present in all tasks while specific factors are unique to certain tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tacit knowledge refer to?

    <p>Practical knowledge usually not directly taught</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six metaphors of intelligence proposed by Sternberg?

    <p>Geographic metaphor, computational metaphor, biological metaphor, epistemological metaphor, anthropological metaphor, sociological metaphor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metaphor focuses on the structure of intelligence?

    <p>Geographic metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The computational metaphor views the mind as a computer focused on individual differences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intelligence is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

    <p>Mechanical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hierarchical theory of intelligence suggest?

    <p>It suggests that intelligence contains a general factor (g) at the top of a hierarchy, with two or more major group factors below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'IQ' was first incorporated in the __________ test.

    <p>Stanford-Binet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an intelligence quotient (IQ)?

    <p>A measure of performance of mental age in comparison to chronological age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is adapted for use with children?

    <p>Stanford-Binet test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the core subtests included in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

    <p>Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, Processing Speed Index.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practical intelligence is the same as academic intelligence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory that distinguishes between academic and practical intelligence?

    <p>Neisser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a method of assessing tacit knowledge?

    <p>Formal education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories of Intelligence

    • Sternberg's Six Metaphors:
      • Geographic Metaphor: Analysis of the structure and major features of intelligence; assesses individual differences and mental map evolution with age.
      • Computational Metaphor: Intelligence as a computer; emphasizes problem-solving processes shared among individuals rather than individual differences.
      • Biological Metaphor: Links intelligence to brain functions; involves studies on brain area localization, electrical activity, and blood flow during cognitive tasks.
      • Epistemological Metaphor: Focuses on philosophical aspects; intelligence development is categorized into sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages.
      • Anthropological Metaphor: Views intelligence in cultural context; adaptability varies across cultures, necessitating culturally relevant IQ tests.
      • Sociological Metaphor: Highlights the influence of socialization; observes social behaviors and internalizes through time.

    Structure of Intellect (Guilford, 1959)

    • Describes intellect as composed of processes, contents, and products:
      • Processes: Include memory, cognition, divergent thinking, convergent production, and evaluation.
      • Contents: Can be figural, symbolic, semantic, or behavioral.
      • Products: Ranges from units and classes to systems and implications, leading to the production of 120 distinct abilities.

    Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983)

    • Proposes distinct types of intelligence rather than a single global ability.
    • Identifies seven intelligences:
      • Linguistic
      • Logical-mathematical
      • Spatial
      • Musical
      • Bodily-kinesthetic
      • Interpersonal
      • Intrapersonal

    Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985)

    • Focuses on three types of information processing:
      • Metacomponents: Higher-order cognitive processes.
      • Performance Components: Strategies for problem-solving.
      • Knowledge Acquisition Components: Learning and memory functions.

    Intelligence Testing

    • Intelligence theories fall into three categories:
      • Global Ability: Two-factor theory emphasizes a single global factor (g) associated with mental processing.
      • Multiple Abilities: Multiple factor theory encompasses various broad factors of intelligence.
      • Hierarchical Theory: Combines global and multiple theories into a pyramid structure, with g at the top.

    Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

    • Measures mental performance relative to chronological age.
    • Raw scores are transformed into z scores; mean IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 16.

    Stanford-Binet Test

    • Originated from Binet-Simon Scale (1905) aimed at identifying children with mental disabilities.
    • Revised in 1916 to include IQ concept and better administration guidelines.
    • Latest revision (1986) includes a broader focus on ages 2 to adult, covers diverse abilities beyond verbal, and adheres to hierarchical theory.
    • Implements adaptive testing based on subjects' performance.

    Wechsler Test

    • Developed due to the perceived limitations of Stanford-Binet for adults.
    • Created several scales, including WAIS and WISC, emphasizing both verbal and non-verbal abilities.
    • Latest versions (WAIS-IV and WISC-V) include multiple subtests assessing varied intellectual functions.
    • Both tests employ adaptive methods, with established basal and ceiling levels for progression.

    Academic vs. Practical Intelligence

    • Differentiates academic intelligence from practical intelligence, which involves real-world problem-solving.
    • Tacit Knowledge: Practical insights not formally taught, important for career advancement; measured using situational vignettes.

    Theories of Intelligence

    • Sternberg's Six Metaphors:
      • Geographic Metaphor: Analysis of the structure and major features of intelligence; assesses individual differences and mental map evolution with age.
      • Computational Metaphor: Intelligence as a computer; emphasizes problem-solving processes shared among individuals rather than individual differences.
      • Biological Metaphor: Links intelligence to brain functions; involves studies on brain area localization, electrical activity, and blood flow during cognitive tasks.
      • Epistemological Metaphor: Focuses on philosophical aspects; intelligence development is categorized into sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages.
      • Anthropological Metaphor: Views intelligence in cultural context; adaptability varies across cultures, necessitating culturally relevant IQ tests.
      • Sociological Metaphor: Highlights the influence of socialization; observes social behaviors and internalizes through time.

    Structure of Intellect (Guilford, 1959)

    • Describes intellect as composed of processes, contents, and products:
      • Processes: Include memory, cognition, divergent thinking, convergent production, and evaluation.
      • Contents: Can be figural, symbolic, semantic, or behavioral.
      • Products: Ranges from units and classes to systems and implications, leading to the production of 120 distinct abilities.

    Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983)

    • Proposes distinct types of intelligence rather than a single global ability.
    • Identifies seven intelligences:
      • Linguistic
      • Logical-mathematical
      • Spatial
      • Musical
      • Bodily-kinesthetic
      • Interpersonal
      • Intrapersonal

    Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985)

    • Focuses on three types of information processing:
      • Metacomponents: Higher-order cognitive processes.
      • Performance Components: Strategies for problem-solving.
      • Knowledge Acquisition Components: Learning and memory functions.

    Intelligence Testing

    • Intelligence theories fall into three categories:
      • Global Ability: Two-factor theory emphasizes a single global factor (g) associated with mental processing.
      • Multiple Abilities: Multiple factor theory encompasses various broad factors of intelligence.
      • Hierarchical Theory: Combines global and multiple theories into a pyramid structure, with g at the top.

    Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

    • Measures mental performance relative to chronological age.
    • Raw scores are transformed into z scores; mean IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 16.

    Stanford-Binet Test

    • Originated from Binet-Simon Scale (1905) aimed at identifying children with mental disabilities.
    • Revised in 1916 to include IQ concept and better administration guidelines.
    • Latest revision (1986) includes a broader focus on ages 2 to adult, covers diverse abilities beyond verbal, and adheres to hierarchical theory.
    • Implements adaptive testing based on subjects' performance.

    Wechsler Test

    • Developed due to the perceived limitations of Stanford-Binet for adults.
    • Created several scales, including WAIS and WISC, emphasizing both verbal and non-verbal abilities.
    • Latest versions (WAIS-IV and WISC-V) include multiple subtests assessing varied intellectual functions.
    • Both tests employ adaptive methods, with established basal and ceiling levels for progression.

    Academic vs. Practical Intelligence

    • Differentiates academic intelligence from practical intelligence, which involves real-world problem-solving.
    • Tacit Knowledge: Practical insights not formally taught, important for career advancement; measured using situational vignettes.

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    Week 9 lecture slides.pptx
    Week 9 lecture slides.pptx

    Description

    Explore theories of intelligence and ability through various metaphors. This quiz covers key concepts such as the geographic and computational metaphors as proposed by Sternberg. Assess your understanding of how these theories relate to psychological tests and measurements.

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