Questions and Answers
Which metaphor focuses on the structure of intelligence?
What are the three types of information processing according to Sternberg's theory of intelligence?
What does the structure of intellect model consist of?
Processes, contents, and products
The biological metaphor of intelligence is based on the mind as a computer.
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List two types of intelligence according to Gardner's theory.
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Match the intelligence test with its characteristics:
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The mean IQ score is ______.
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The Wechsler tests include separate assessments for both adults and children.
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What is the significance of the raw score in IQ tests?
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What is the relationship between general factor 'g' and specific factors according to the two-factor theory?
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What does tacit knowledge refer to?
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What are the six metaphors of intelligence proposed by Sternberg?
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Which metaphor focuses on the structure of intelligence?
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The computational metaphor views the mind as a computer focused on individual differences.
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Which type of intelligence is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
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What does the hierarchical theory of intelligence suggest?
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The term 'IQ' was first incorporated in the __________ test.
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What is an intelligence quotient (IQ)?
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Which of the following tests is adapted for use with children?
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What are the core subtests included in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
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Practical intelligence is the same as academic intelligence.
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Who proposed the theory that distinguishes between academic and practical intelligence?
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What is not a method of assessing tacit knowledge?
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Study Notes
Theories of Intelligence
-
Sternberg's Six Metaphors:
- Geographic Metaphor: Analysis of the structure and major features of intelligence; assesses individual differences and mental map evolution with age.
- Computational Metaphor: Intelligence as a computer; emphasizes problem-solving processes shared among individuals rather than individual differences.
- Biological Metaphor: Links intelligence to brain functions; involves studies on brain area localization, electrical activity, and blood flow during cognitive tasks.
- Epistemological Metaphor: Focuses on philosophical aspects; intelligence development is categorized into sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages.
- Anthropological Metaphor: Views intelligence in cultural context; adaptability varies across cultures, necessitating culturally relevant IQ tests.
- Sociological Metaphor: Highlights the influence of socialization; observes social behaviors and internalizes through time.
Structure of Intellect (Guilford, 1959)
- Describes intellect as composed of processes, contents, and products:
- Processes: Include memory, cognition, divergent thinking, convergent production, and evaluation.
- Contents: Can be figural, symbolic, semantic, or behavioral.
- Products: Ranges from units and classes to systems and implications, leading to the production of 120 distinct abilities.
Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983)
- Proposes distinct types of intelligence rather than a single global ability.
- Identifies seven intelligences:
- Linguistic
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Musical
- Bodily-kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985)
- Focuses on three types of information processing:
- Metacomponents: Higher-order cognitive processes.
- Performance Components: Strategies for problem-solving.
- Knowledge Acquisition Components: Learning and memory functions.
Intelligence Testing
- Intelligence theories fall into three categories:
- Global Ability: Two-factor theory emphasizes a single global factor (g) associated with mental processing.
- Multiple Abilities: Multiple factor theory encompasses various broad factors of intelligence.
- Hierarchical Theory: Combines global and multiple theories into a pyramid structure, with g at the top.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Measures mental performance relative to chronological age.
- Raw scores are transformed into z scores; mean IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 16.
Stanford-Binet Test
- Originated from Binet-Simon Scale (1905) aimed at identifying children with mental disabilities.
- Revised in 1916 to include IQ concept and better administration guidelines.
- Latest revision (1986) includes a broader focus on ages 2 to adult, covers diverse abilities beyond verbal, and adheres to hierarchical theory.
- Implements adaptive testing based on subjects' performance.
Wechsler Test
- Developed due to the perceived limitations of Stanford-Binet for adults.
- Created several scales, including WAIS and WISC, emphasizing both verbal and non-verbal abilities.
- Latest versions (WAIS-IV and WISC-V) include multiple subtests assessing varied intellectual functions.
- Both tests employ adaptive methods, with established basal and ceiling levels for progression.
Academic vs. Practical Intelligence
- Differentiates academic intelligence from practical intelligence, which involves real-world problem-solving.
- Tacit Knowledge: Practical insights not formally taught, important for career advancement; measured using situational vignettes.
Theories of Intelligence
-
Sternberg's Six Metaphors:
- Geographic Metaphor: Analysis of the structure and major features of intelligence; assesses individual differences and mental map evolution with age.
- Computational Metaphor: Intelligence as a computer; emphasizes problem-solving processes shared among individuals rather than individual differences.
- Biological Metaphor: Links intelligence to brain functions; involves studies on brain area localization, electrical activity, and blood flow during cognitive tasks.
- Epistemological Metaphor: Focuses on philosophical aspects; intelligence development is categorized into sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages.
- Anthropological Metaphor: Views intelligence in cultural context; adaptability varies across cultures, necessitating culturally relevant IQ tests.
- Sociological Metaphor: Highlights the influence of socialization; observes social behaviors and internalizes through time.
Structure of Intellect (Guilford, 1959)
- Describes intellect as composed of processes, contents, and products:
- Processes: Include memory, cognition, divergent thinking, convergent production, and evaluation.
- Contents: Can be figural, symbolic, semantic, or behavioral.
- Products: Ranges from units and classes to systems and implications, leading to the production of 120 distinct abilities.
Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983)
- Proposes distinct types of intelligence rather than a single global ability.
- Identifies seven intelligences:
- Linguistic
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Musical
- Bodily-kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg, 1985)
- Focuses on three types of information processing:
- Metacomponents: Higher-order cognitive processes.
- Performance Components: Strategies for problem-solving.
- Knowledge Acquisition Components: Learning and memory functions.
Intelligence Testing
- Intelligence theories fall into three categories:
- Global Ability: Two-factor theory emphasizes a single global factor (g) associated with mental processing.
- Multiple Abilities: Multiple factor theory encompasses various broad factors of intelligence.
- Hierarchical Theory: Combines global and multiple theories into a pyramid structure, with g at the top.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Measures mental performance relative to chronological age.
- Raw scores are transformed into z scores; mean IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 16.
Stanford-Binet Test
- Originated from Binet-Simon Scale (1905) aimed at identifying children with mental disabilities.
- Revised in 1916 to include IQ concept and better administration guidelines.
- Latest revision (1986) includes a broader focus on ages 2 to adult, covers diverse abilities beyond verbal, and adheres to hierarchical theory.
- Implements adaptive testing based on subjects' performance.
Wechsler Test
- Developed due to the perceived limitations of Stanford-Binet for adults.
- Created several scales, including WAIS and WISC, emphasizing both verbal and non-verbal abilities.
- Latest versions (WAIS-IV and WISC-V) include multiple subtests assessing varied intellectual functions.
- Both tests employ adaptive methods, with established basal and ceiling levels for progression.
Academic vs. Practical Intelligence
- Differentiates academic intelligence from practical intelligence, which involves real-world problem-solving.
- Tacit Knowledge: Practical insights not formally taught, important for career advancement; measured using situational vignettes.
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Description
Explore theories of intelligence and ability through various metaphors. This quiz covers key concepts such as the geographic and computational metaphors as proposed by Sternberg. Assess your understanding of how these theories relate to psychological tests and measurements.
