PSY180 PsychSim6 Module 3 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the basic building block of the nervous system?

neurons

What are the three broad classes of neurons?

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

What type of neurons carry information from the body's organs and tissues to the CNS?

sensory neurons

Where can interneurons be found?

in the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What links sensory and motor neurons?

interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What do interneurons do?

perform additional processing needed to make sense of events Signup and view all the answers

What carries instructions from the central nervous system to muscles?

motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?

dendrite Signup and view all the answers

What part of the neuron is specialized for sending impulses?

axon Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for the soma?

cell body Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron is most closely associated with the speed of impulse conveyance?

myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

An axon can range in length from a fraction of an inch to?

several feet Signup and view all the answers

What is only found in the intercellular fluid?

proteins with a negative charge Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ions have a negative charge in the extracellular fluid?

chloride ions Signup and view all the answers

In its resting state, an axon has?

more negative particles inside the axon than outside Signup and view all the answers

The movement of and through the membrane is most central to action potentials.

sodium and potassium Signup and view all the answers

Sodium ions are more concentrated in the _ while potassium ions are more concentrated in the __.

extracellular fluid; intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What pushes ions through the membrane?

sodium and potassium pumps Signup and view all the answers

When a neuron fires, _ rush into the axon and make that part of the axon more __ charged.

sodium; positively Signup and view all the answers

The _ charge of one section of an axon causes the _ of the next section to open.

positive; sodium gates Signup and view all the answers

An action potential is comprised of a series of?

depolarizations Signup and view all the answers

The membrane is repolarized when gates open and ___ flow out of the axon.

potassium ions Signup and view all the answers

What do synaptic vesicles contain?

neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

From where are neurotransmitters released?

synaptic vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Where are neurotransmitters released into?

the synaptic gap Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neurons and Their Functions

Neurons serve as the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system, essential for transmitting signals.
Three main types of neurons include sensory neurons (carry information to the CNS), interneurons (process information), and motor neurons (send instructions from the CNS).
Interneurons are exclusively located in the brain and spinal cord, linking sensory and motor neurons.

Specific Neuronal Functions

Sensory neurons transport information from organs and tissues to the central nervous system.
Motor neurons convey instructions from the central nervous system to muscles.
Interneurons, located within the brain and spinal cord, process sensory input and facilitate responses.

Structure of Neurons

Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that receive incoming messages.
Axons are specialized for transmitting impulses away from the neuron.
The cell body, also known as the soma, contains the nucleus and organelles necessary for the neuron's functions.
Myelin sheath significantly increases the speed of impulse transmission along the axon.

Electrical Properties of Neurons

Axon length can vary from a fraction of an inch to several feet.
In the resting state, axons have a larger concentration of negative particles inside than outside.
Action potentials are driven by the movement of sodium and potassium ions through the neuron's membrane.

Ion Concentration and Action Potentials

Sodium ions dominate in the extracellular fluid, while potassium ions are more prevalent in the intracellular fluid.
The sodium and potassium pumps are responsible for actively transporting ions across the membrane.
When a neuron fires, sodium ions influx raises the internal charge, creating a positive charge within the axon.

Propagation of Action Potentials

The positive charge in one segment of the axon triggers the sodium gates of the adjacent segment to open, allowing action potentials to propagate.
An action potential encompasses a series of depolarizations and is followed by repolarization, during which potassium ions flow out of the axon.

Synaptic Transmission

Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters, which are crucial for neuron-to-neuron communication.
Upon arrival of an action potential, neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic gap, facilitating signal transmission to adjacent neurons.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the nervous system with this quiz from PSY180 PsychSim6 Module 3. Explore key concepts like the types of neurons and their functions. Perfect for reviewing essential psychology concepts.