PSY1126 - Classical Studies in Psychology

Questions and Answers

What does a classic study give to the field of psychology?

Promotes competition

Generates media attention

Identity and research agenda (correct)

Increases funding for projects

Who proposed four reasons why studies become classics?

Ainsworth

Watson and Skinner

Devine and Brodish (correct)

Harlow and Harlow

Big questions do not contribute to a study becoming a classic.

False

What is one reason studies become classic?

Challenging findings Signup and view all the answers

What is one positive aspect of demanding methods?

Visually appealing, easy to 'try on' Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative aspect of demanding methods?

Not always rigorous, ethical issues Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a study to have a big impact?

Inspires the generation of more research Signup and view all the answers

What did Harlow and Harlow (1962) research?

Attachment and deprivation in infant monkeys Signup and view all the answers

______ psychologists such as Watson and Skinner believe parenting is based on reinforcement/punishment.

Behaviourist Signup and view all the answers

Freud suggested that spoiling children is bad as they become dependent and develop _____________ .

Complexes Signup and view all the answers

In Harlow's experiment, how long did the infant rhesus monkey stay with the cloth surrogate?

17-18 hours Signup and view all the answers

In Harlow's experiment, who did the monkey run to when presented with the robot?

Cloth surrogate Signup and view all the answers

Which condition of Harlow's experiment caused the infant rhesus monkey to show less distress?

Cloth surrogate condition Signup and view all the answers

Social deprivation in monkeys caused _ ____ such as stereotyped behavior patterns.

Abnormal behaviours Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the monkeys in Harlow's experiment after reaching maturity?

They were put into a zoo Signup and view all the answers

Bringing the monkeys into __ for 20 minutes a day caused almost normal behavior.

Peer groups Signup and view all the answers

Who showed that the person who feeds the child is not the strongest attachment?

Shaffer and Emerson Signup and view all the answers

What did Ainsworth develop after finding a lack of uniformity in infants' attachment behavior?

The Strange Situation and 3 types of attachments Signup and view all the answers

What was Asch's study focused on?

Conformity using a line task Signup and view all the answers

Out of the 18 trials in Asch's study, how many were critical trials?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of participants in Asch's study conformed at least once?

75 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of participants in Asch's study never conformed?

25 Signup and view all the answers

What type of findings were gathered from the interview of participants in Asch's study?

Qualitative Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of reasons for people conforming according to Asch?

Independence and yielding Signup and view all the answers

Asch suggested that independence was related to what?

Confidence Signup and view all the answers

In Asch's study, why did participants conform according to yielding?

Distortion of perception, judgement and action Signup and view all the answers

Distortion of perception refers to when people know the right answer but conform.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is distortion of judgement?

When people know the right answer but convince themselves the group is right Signup and view all the answers

What is distortion of action in Asch's study?

When individuals know the right answer but conform to fit in with the group Signup and view all the answers

What did Asch's variation investigate regarding the quality of the task?

Function of size of the error Signup and view all the answers

What did the quality of group opposition variation explore?

Function of size and unanimity of the majority Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classic Studies in Psychology

Classic studies shape the identity of psychology, often establishing influential research agendas.
Four reasons why studies become classic, proposed by Devine and Brodish (2003).

Reasons for Classic Studies

Big Questions: Classic studies tackle fundamental issues of human behavior, often linked to significant phenomena.
Challenging Findings: Classic studies present counter-intuitive findings that confront existing beliefs and assumptions.
Demanding Methods: Classic studies inspire new research methodologies that require high levels of participation and researcher effort.
Big Impact: Classic studies generate extensive follow-up research, influencing further studies in the field.

Harlow and Harlow (1962)

Conducted research with infant monkeys to investigate attachment and the effects of deprivation.
Conditions in the study included how long the infant monkey stayed with a cloth surrogate and its preferences during stress tests.
Findings indicated that social deprivation led to abnormal behaviors in monkeys, prompting changes in their behavior through group interactions.

Attachment Theories

Shaffer and Emerson (1964): Established that the individual providing nourishment is not necessarily the main attachment figure, emphasizing the potential for multiple attachments.
Ainsworth developed the "Strange Situation" experiment identifying three types of attachments based on the variability in infants' attachment behaviors.

Asch (1955) and Conformity

Conducted a study on conformity using a line-judging task, focusing on how group pressure impacts individual responses.
Critical trials in Asch's study were 12 out of 18, with 75% of participants conforming at least once.
25% of participants never conformed, highlighting differences in conformity levels.
Interviews revealed qualitative findings showing participants’ self-doubt and confusion.

Reasons for Conformity

Independence and Yielding: Asch identified these as primary reasons for conformity, where independence correlates with confidence.
Types of distortion in conformity:
- Distortion of perception: Believing that the group's wrong answers are correct.
- Distortion of judgment: Knowing the right answer but choosing to believe the group.
- Distortion of action: Knowing the correct answer but conforming to fit in.

Asch Variations

Investigated the impact of task difficulty on conformity, finding minimal influence when error sizes varied widely.
Explored the quality of group opposition, focusing on the effects of majority size and consensus on individual conformity outcomes.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to classic studies in psychology, including their significance and criteria for becoming classics. It will cover fundamental questions of human behavior and contributions by researchers like Devine and Brodish. Test your knowledge of classical studies and their impact on the field of psychology.