PSY 325 Cognitive Psychology: Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Processes
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Questions and Answers

Which type of processing involves making inferences based on context, experience, and prior knowledge?

  • Direct perception theories
  • Bottom-up processing
  • Top-down processing (correct)
  • Constructive perception theories
  • In bottom-up processing, perception starts with what?

  • Senses (correct)
  • Expectations
  • Knowledge
  • Brain
  • Which process involves starting perception with the most basic units or features of a stimulus?

  • Direct perception theories
  • Constructive perception theories
  • Top-down processing
  • Bottom-up processing (correct)
  • Which aspect of perception is influenced by pre-existing representations?

    <p>Making inferences based on context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge guides what we perceive, according to the text?

    <p>Expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Helmholtz's theory of unconscious inference, why do we perceive the world in a way that is 'most likely'?

    <p>We rely on unconscious assumptions based on past experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions?

    <p>Top-down theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gestalt psychology emphasize about the perception of objects?

    <p>Objects are perceived as whole objects first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Gestalt theory explain perceptual organization?

    <p>By describing principles like proximity and similarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains that our perceptual system organizes and groups items in the simplest way?

    <p>Good continuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to understanding perception involves identifying parts and putting them together before recognition occurs?

    <p>Bottom-up processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In perception, what do constructive perception theories primarily focus on?

    <p>Using information based on expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, which theory emphasizes that perception comes from stimuli in the environment?

    <p>Direct perception theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing is characterized by actively constructing perceptions based on pre-existing information?

    <p>Top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pre-existing knowledge influence perception according to the text?

    <p>It is involved in constructive perception theories through top-down processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle states that our minds connect elements in a way that makes them seem continuous or flowing in a particular direction?

    <p>Principle of Good Continuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that when elements overlap, we tend to perceive them in the most simple way?

    <p>Principle of Good Figure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, which principle emphasizes organizing a stimulus into a cohesive figure that is symmetrical, simple, closed, and regular?

    <p>Principle of Good Figure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of perception involves segregating scenes into figure and background?

    <p>Figure-ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Gestalt Exercise aim to do?

    <p>Identify principles that influence object perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processing involves separating figure and background automatically when presented with a scene?

    <p><em>Bottom-up processing</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of perception is primarily focused on by constructive perception theories?

    <p><strong>Organization</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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