Podcast
Questions and Answers
Most research psychologists are skeptical of the claims of defenders of ESP.
Most research psychologists are skeptical of the claims of defenders of ESP.
True (A)
Each time you see your car, it projects a different image on the retinas of your eyes, yet you do not perceive it as changing. This is because of:
Each time you see your car, it projects a different image on the retinas of your eyes, yet you do not perceive it as changing. This is because of:
- Perceptual constancy (correct)
- Retinal disparity
- Perceptual set
- Convergence
The term gestalt means:
The term gestalt means:
- Whole (correct)
- Perception
- Grouping
- Sensation
Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of depth perception is:
Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of depth perception is:
All of the following are laws of perceptual organization except:
All of the following are laws of perceptual organization except:
________ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception.
________ processing refers to how our knowledge and expectations influence perception.
What is sensation?
What is sensation?
What is perception?
What is perception?
What are feature detectors?
What are feature detectors?
What does retinal disparity refer to?
What does retinal disparity refer to?
Which of the following is true about the absolute threshold for any stimulus?
Which of the following is true about the absolute threshold for any stimulus?
If you can just notice the difference between 10 and 11-pound weights, which of the following weights could you differentiate from a 100-pound weight?
If you can just notice the difference between 10 and 11-pound weights, which of the following weights could you differentiate from a 100-pound weight?
A decrease in sensory responsiveness accompanying an unchanging stimulus is called:
A decrease in sensory responsiveness accompanying an unchanging stimulus is called:
The size of the pupil is controlled by the:
The size of the pupil is controlled by the:
The process by which the lens changes its curvature is:
The process by which the lens changes its curvature is:
The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is the:
The receptor of the eye that functions best in dim light is the:
The Young-Helmholtz theory proposes that:
The Young-Helmholtz theory proposes that:
Frequency is to pitch as ____ is to ____.
Frequency is to pitch as ____ is to ____.
Our experience of pain when we are injured depends on:
Our experience of pain when we are injured depends on:
According to the gate-control theory, a way to alleviate chronic pain would be to stimulate the _____ nerve fibers that _____ the spinal gate.
According to the gate-control theory, a way to alleviate chronic pain would be to stimulate the _____ nerve fibers that _____ the spinal gate.
The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions such as color, depth, movement, and form, and works on each aspect simultaneously. This is called:
The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions such as color, depth, movement, and form, and works on each aspect simultaneously. This is called:
Kinesthesis involves:
Kinesthesis involves:
One light may appear reddish and another greenish if they differ in:
One light may appear reddish and another greenish if they differ in:
Which of the following explains why a rose appears equally red in bright and dim light?
Which of the following explains why a rose appears equally red in bright and dim light?
Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?
Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?
Most color-deficient people will probably:
Most color-deficient people will probably:
The historical movement associated with the statement 'The whole may exceed the sum of its parts' is:
The historical movement associated with the statement 'The whole may exceed the sum of its parts' is:
What principle demonstrates that figures tend to be perceived as whole, complete objects even if spaces or gaps exist?
What principle demonstrates that figures tend to be perceived as whole, complete objects even if spaces or gaps exist?
What has the figure-ground relationship demonstrated?
What has the figure-ground relationship demonstrated?
When we stare at an object, what provides a depth cue known as retinal disparity?
When we stare at an object, what provides a depth cue known as retinal disparity?
As we move, viewed objects cast changing shapes on our retinas, although we do not perceive the objects as changing. This is part of the phenomenon of:
As we move, viewed objects cast changing shapes on our retinas, although we do not perceive the objects as changing. This is part of the phenomenon of:
A person claiming to be able to read another's mind is claiming to have the ESP ability of:
A person claiming to be able to read another's mind is claiming to have the ESP ability of:
Which philosopher maintained that knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing our sensory experiences?
Which philosopher maintained that knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing our sensory experiences?
Kittens and monkeys reared seeing only diffuse, unpatterned light:
Kittens and monkeys reared seeing only diffuse, unpatterned light:
Adults who are born blind but later have their vision restored:
Adults who are born blind but later have their vision restored:
________ processing refers to how the physical characteristics of stimuli influence their interpretation.
________ processing refers to how the physical characteristics of stimuli influence their interpretation.
Which of the following is not a monocular depth cue?
Which of the following is not a monocular depth cue?
The Moon illusion occurs in part because distance cues at the horizon make the Moon seem:
The Moon illusion occurs in part because distance cues at the horizon make the Moon seem:
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we:
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we:
Jack claims that he often has dreams that predict future events. He claims to have the power of:
Jack claims that he often has dreams that predict future events. He claims to have the power of:
Researchers who investigated telepathy found that:
Researchers who investigated telepathy found that:
Which of the following influences perception?
Which of the following influences perception?
What amplifies sound?
What amplifies sound?
Which fibers close the pain gate?
Which fibers close the pain gate?
What is referred to as the vestibular sense?
What is referred to as the vestibular sense?
What controls pupil size?
What controls pupil size?
What part of the eye is responsible for accommodation?
What part of the eye is responsible for accommodation?
Which fibers open the pain gate?
Which fibers open the pain gate?
What admits light into the eye?
What admits light into the eye?
What is responsible for vision in dim light?
What is responsible for vision in dim light?
What is involved in the transduction of sound?
What is involved in the transduction of sound?
What does kinesthesis involve?
What does kinesthesis involve?
What is responsible for color vision?
What is responsible for color vision?
Which of the following is not one of the basic tastes?
Which of the following is not one of the basic tastes?
Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is:
Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is:
If we stare at an object without blinking, the object does not vanish from sight because:
If we stare at an object without blinking, the object does not vanish from sight because:
The receptors for taste are located in the:
The receptors for taste are located in the:
The inner ear contains receptors for:
The inner ear contains receptors for:
According to the opponent-process theory:
According to the opponent-process theory:
What enables you to feel yourself wiggling your toes even with your eyes closed?
What enables you to feel yourself wiggling your toes even with your eyes closed?
Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detectors in the visual:
Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detectors in the visual:
Weber's law states that:
Weber's law states that:
The principle that one sense may influence another is:
The principle that one sense may influence another is:
Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
In the opponent-process theory, the three pairs of processes are:
In the opponent-process theory, the three pairs of processes are:
Wavelength is to _____ as _______ is to brightness.
Wavelength is to _____ as _______ is to brightness.
Concerning the evidence for subliminal stimulation, which of the following is the best answer?
Concerning the evidence for subliminal stimulation, which of the following is the best answer?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of how we process color?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of how we process color?
One reason that your ability to detect fine visual details is greatest when scenes are focused on the fovea of your retina is that:
One reason that your ability to detect fine visual details is greatest when scenes are focused on the fovea of your retina is that:
Given normal sensory ability, a person standing atop a mountain on a dark, clear night can see a candle flame atop a mountain 30 miles away. This is a description of vision's:
Given normal sensory ability, a person standing atop a mountain on a dark, clear night can see a candle flame atop a mountain 30 miles away. This is a description of vision's:
The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called:
The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called:
Which of the following statements is consistent with the Gestalt theory of perception?
Which of the following statements is consistent with the Gestalt theory of perception?
Experiments with distorted visual environments demonstrate that:
Experiments with distorted visual environments demonstrate that:
The phenomenon that refers to the ways in which an individual's expectations influence perception is called:
The phenomenon that refers to the ways in which an individual's expectations influence perception is called:
According to the philosopher ________, we learn to perceive the world.
According to the philosopher ________, we learn to perceive the world.
The phenomenon of size constancy is based upon the close connection between an object's perceived ________ and its perceived ________.
The phenomenon of size constancy is based upon the close connection between an object's perceived ________ and its perceived ________.
Which of the following statements best describes the effects of sensory restriction?
Which of the following statements best describes the effects of sensory restriction?
Psychologists who study ESP are called:
Psychologists who study ESP are called:
The depth cue that occurs when we watch stable objects at different distances as we are moving is:
The depth cue that occurs when we watch stable objects at different distances as we are moving is:
Study Notes
Sensation and Perception
- Sensation is the process of receiving and registering information from the environment through sensory systems.
- Perception refers to the interpretation and organization of sensory information.
Visual System and Characteristics
- Feature detectors are specialized neurons that respond to specific features of visual stimuli, impacting image distortion.
- Retinal disparity conveys depth, as each eye perceives a slightly different image of the same object.
- The fovea, rich in cones, is responsible for high visual acuity and detail in bright conditions.
Thresholds and Sensory Adaptation
- Absolute threshold is not fixed; it varies slightly depending on the stimulus.
- The Just Noticeable Difference (jnd) follows Weber’s Law, where the difference threshold is a constant proportion relative to the stimulus intensity.
- Sensory adaptation occurs when prolonged exposure to a stimulus decreases responsiveness, making it seem more tolerable over time.
Pain Perception and Processing
- Our experience of pain is influenced by biological makeup, experiences, attention, and cultural context.
- According to gate-control theory, stimulating large nerve fibers can close the spinal gate to alleviate chronic pain.
Color Vision
- Young-Helmholtz theory posits three types of color-sensitive cones, each responding to red, green, or blue light.
- Opponent-process theory describes how certain neurons are activated by specific wavelengths while inhibited by opposing colors.
Kinesthesis and Vestibular Sense
- Kinesthesis involves sensory information from muscles, tendons, and joints, providing awareness of body movement.
- The vestibular sense, located in the semicircular canals, helps maintain balance and spatial orientation.
Gestalt Principles of Perception
- Gestalt psychology emphasizes that the brain organizes sensory input into meaningful wholes rather than perceiving individual parts.
- Principles of perceptual organization include continuity, closure (perceiving complete shapes), and proximity.
Depth Cues and Visual Constancy
- Monocular and binocular cues aid in depth perception; for example, retinal disparity is a binocular cue while texture gradient is a monocular cue.
- Perceptual constancy allows us to perceive objects as stable despite changing sensory input due to distance or environmental conditions.
Subliminal Stimulation
- Evidence suggests the brain processes information outside conscious awareness, potentially influencing responses.
The Impact of Learning and Context on Perception
- Expectations and context heavily influence how we perceive stimuli, known as perceptual set.
- Studies show that sensory restriction has a more significant impact during infancy, affecting perceptual development.
ESP and Related Phenomena
- ESP (extra-sensory perception) refers to claims of perceiving information beyond the known sensory channels, such as telepathy or clairvoyance. Most researchers remain skeptical of such claims.
Important Terms in Sensory Processing
- Transduction is the process of converting sensory stimuli into neural signals.
- Sensory interaction occurs when one sense influences another, affecting overall perception.
- Bottom-up processing focuses on physical characteristics of stimuli, while top-down processing considers prior knowledge and expectations.
Visual Processing Path
- Light enters the eye in this order: cornea, pupil, lens, then retina, where photoreceptors are located.
Taste and Skin Sensations
- Taste receptors are found in taste buds, and pressure is the only skin sense with specific receptors.
Conclusion
- Understanding the mechanisms and theories behind sensation and perception is crucial for grasping how we interpret the world around us.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz covers key terms and concepts from Chapter 6 of PSY 100, focusing on sensation and perception. The flashcards include definitions of important vocabulary such as sensation, perception, feature detectors, and more. Test your understanding of these foundational psychological concepts.
