Questions and Answers
What cell type primarily mediates the immune response in psoriasis?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the development of psoriasis?
In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), which demographic is predominantly affected?
What type of skin manifestation is commonly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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What is the estimated frequency range of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in populations?
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Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of skin changes in psoriasis?
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What is the male to female ratio of individuals affected by the autoimmune disease mentioned?
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Which of the following manifestations is NOT included in the classification criteria for the autoimmune disease?
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Which auto-antibodies are specifically mentioned as part of the disease's auto-antibody production?
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What is the estimated prevalence range of the autoimmune disease?
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In which age group is the prevalence of the autoimmune disease highest?
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Which of the following is a neurological disorder associated with the autoimmune disease?
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What type of skin lesion is characteristic of the autoimmune disease classified?
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Which of the following statements about the ethnic prevalence of the autoimmune disease is accurate?
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What is the increased risk ratio of developing a complex trait for monozygotic (MZ) twins compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins?
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According to the data, what is the sib risk ratio for individuals with a family history of a complex trait?
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Which risk factor is associated with a 3x higher prevalence in smokers related to autoimmune diseases?
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What percentage of dizygotic (DZ) twins exhibit concordance for complex traits?
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Which of the following is NOT identified as a protective risk factor for developing autoimmune diseases?
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What defines 'relapsing remitting' in the context of complex traits?
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In a GWAS study related to Crohn's disease, how many loci were confirmed in the meta-analysis?
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Which of the following drugs is mentioned as a potential risk factor linked to autoimmune diseases?
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How many confirmed UC loci were included in the meta-analysis across the GWA studies?
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What was the total number of patients with Crohn's Disease included in the ImmunoChip study?
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Which gene is NOT associated with Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis based on the data?
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From the SLE genetics studies, how many loci were identified in total?
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What is the total number of controls in the UC cohorts of the ImmunoChip study?
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Which of the following populations contributed to the most GWAS studies for SLE genetics?
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In the context of the Psoriasis genetics studies, how many risk loci were identified in Europeans?
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Which of the following genes is associated with Psoriasis but not with Psoriatic Arthritis?
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What is a significant challenge in the development of therapies for autoimmune diseases?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the limitations of biological treatments?
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What is a key step in the process of drug discovery following Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)?
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Why do companies market one drug for multiple diseases in the context of autoimmune treatments?
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In the pathway from GWAS to improved health outcomes, what must occur after identifying drug targets?
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What role do genetic risk factors play in autoimmune diseases according to the content?
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Which of the following best describes the approach to validating findings from GWAS?
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What is a limitation of traditional therapies for autoimmune diseases historically mentioned?
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Study Notes
Psoriasis Overview
- Skin condition characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of keratinocytes.
- Key factors in development:
- Precipitating factors: lithium, beta blockers, sunburn.
- Metabolic issues: calcium deficiency.
- Hormonal influences: pregnancy.
- Unknown skin antigens triggering immune response.
- Antigen-specific memory T-cells play a significant role.
Skin Changes in Psoriasis
- Normal skin: organized layers (stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale).
- Psoriatic skin:
- Disorganized structure with neutrophil accumulation.
- Immature keratinocyte proliferation.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Autoimmune disease with chronic, inflammatory, and multi-system impact.
- Commonly affects skin, joints, kidneys, and the CNS.
- Prevalence: approximately 150 to 500 cases per 100,000.
- Strong female bias: ~ 10:1 ratio of females to males; predominantly affects child-bearing age women.
- Characteristics include:
- Auto-antibody production targeting nuclear and cellular antigens.
- Common symptoms: butterfly rash, discoid lupus, joint pain, renal issues.
SLE Classification Criteria (1982 ACR)
- Malar rash, discoid lesions, photosensitivity, oral ulcers.
- Non-deforming arthritis, serositis, and renal symptoms.
- Neurological disorders: seizures, psychosis.
- Hematological criteria: hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Positive for anti-DNA or other antibodies.
Comparison of SLE, IBD, and Psoriasis
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Prevalence:
- SLE: 1:4000,
- Crohn’s Disease: 5-10:100,000,
- Ulcerative Colitis: 10-20:100,000,
- Psoriasis: 15,000:100,000.
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Sex Bias:
- SLE: 1:10,
- IBD: slight male predominance,
- Psoriasis: near equal gender ratio.
- Ethnic Bias: More common in Europeans for IBD and psoriasis.
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Age of Onset:
- SLE: childbearing years,
- Crohn’s: mean age 26,
- Ulcerative Colitis: mean age 34,
- Psoriasis: 15-40 years, especially 30s.
- Risk Factors: Vary across diseases with commonalities in environmental and genetic influences.
Genetic Studies in Autoimmune Diseases
- SLE, IBD, and psoriasis exhibit extensive research through GWAS.
- SLE focus revealed 84 loci associated with the disease across various populations.
- IBD studies identified 71 loci for Crohn's disease and 47 for ulcerative colitis from multiple cohorts.
- Psoriasis identified 60 risk loci in diverse association studies.
Therapeutic Approaches
- Traditional treatments include non-specific immunosuppression and cytotoxic drugs with limited efficacy.
- Biological therapies offer higher efficacy but come with considerations for cost, response variability, and side effects.
- Advances in genetics provide insights for targeted therapies and understanding patient-specific responses.
Summary of Autoimmune Diseases
- Recognition of diverse autoimmune/inflammatory disorders centered on SLE, IBD, and psoriasis.
- Insights into genetic risk factors and their implications for pathogenesis and disease progression.
- The relevance of genomic medicine and GWAS in facilitating drug discovery and therapeutic interventions.
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics and underlying factors of psoriasis, a common skin condition. It delves into the impact of various precipitating factors, metabolic issues, hormonal influences, and the role of immune response in the pathogenesis of this skin disorder.
