Pseudogenes and Mutations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term given to polyploid organisms that arise from hybridization between two different species?

  • Fusions
  • Translocations
  • Allopolyploids (correct)
  • Inversions

    • Which chromosome rearrangement occurs when a segment of a chromosome is reversed?

  • Translocation
  • Fusion
  • Fission
  • Inversion (correct)

    • What genetic rearrangement occurs when a segment of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome?

  • Fission
  • Inversion
  • Translocation (correct)
  • Fusion

    • Which process occurs when a chromosome splits into two or more daughter chromosomes?

    <p>Fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evolutionary biology, what are the genetic rearrangements that may have both positive and negative effects on an organism's fitness?

    <p>Inversions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the situation when two chromosomes join together?

    <p>Fusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can induce mutations?

    <p>Radiation or chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average mutation rate per base pair in prokaryotes?

    <p>$10^{-11}$ to $10^{-10}$ per replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism with more than two sets of chromosomes?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can autopolyploidy have on an organism's fitness?

    <p>Positive and negative effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated mutation rate in the human genome per base pair per generation?

    <p>$4.8 \times 10$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the effects of mutations on fitness range?

    <p>Highly advantageous to highly disadvantageous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pseudogene?

    <p>A gene that resembles functional genes but differs at several base pair sites and is not transcribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transition mutation?

    <p>Substitution of a purine for another purine or a pyrimidine for another pyrimidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transversion mutation?

    <p>Substitution of purines for pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does haplotype refer to?

    <p>A DNA sequence differing by one or more mutations from a homologous sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a mutation inherited in animals with segregated germ lines?

    <p>Early in development if it affects the germ line cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classic genetics, what is a point mutation?

    <p>A mutation mapped to a single gene locus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average mutation rate per gamete for mutations detected by their phenotypic effects?

    <p>10-5 to 10-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mutation of genes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Gene translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical effect of mutations on fitness?

    <p>Average effect of mutations on fitness is deleterious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation involves the insertion of various kinds of transposable elements?

    <p>Insertions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of magnitude in changes of morphological or physiological features caused by a mutation?

    <p>Significant to drastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are not all conceivable mutational changes possible according to the text?

    <p>Mutations alter pre-existing biochemical or developmental pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>It forms the foundation of population genetics and genetic theory of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which implication of the H-W principle states that genotype frequencies reach equilibrium after one generation of random mating?

    <p>One generation of random mating can erase historical deviations from equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption is crucial to maintaining allele frequencies as per the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>The population size is very large or infinite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of panmixia relate to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>Non-panmixic populations may deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expected ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Hardy-Weinberg principle assume that populations are infinitely large?

    <p>So that rare alleles do not disappear due to genetic drift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a new mutation maintain a low allele frequency according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>Mutations remain at low frequency due to random mating and large populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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