PS 102 - Philippine Politics and Governance Introduction
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Questions and Answers

Which method is NOT typically used to acquire power in political systems?

  • Elections
  • Inheritance
  • Legislation (correct)
  • Force
  • In an autocratic political system, power is generally concentrated in the hands of whom?

  • A single ruler or a small group (correct)
  • Multiple competing parties
  • A diverse cabinet
  • A large electorate
  • Which of the following is a common strategy for maintaining power once it has been acquired?

  • Abandoning compliance measures
  • Building alliances (correct)
  • Decreasing transparency
  • Ignoring public opinion
  • What does the term 'oligarchy' refer to in political systems?

    <p>Power held by a small elite group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Political behavior includes all of the following EXCEPT?

    <p>Lawsuit filing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of political system is characterized by free and fair elections?

    <p>Democracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is considered important in analyzing political participation?

    <p>Voter turnout rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is authority generally legitimized within a political system?

    <p>Based on established rules and structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a basic definition of politics according to Harold Lasswell?

    <p>The struggle of 'who gets what, when, and how.' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in political discussions among people?

    <p>Interest in political science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of political science, what core concept does the study of politics revolve around?

    <p>Struggles among interest groups and power dynamics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analogy is used to explain the common nature of political discussions?

    <p>Complaints about weather. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ayson suggest political science studies?

    <p>The study of the state and its various elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does NOT contribute to the core discussions of politics among people?

    <p>Professional knowledge in political science. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does politics manifest at a local level according to the content?

    <p>In the competition of interest groups over budgets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of political science as suggested in the content?

    <p>It provides a theoretical framework for understanding political behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a direct democracy from a representative democracy?

    <p>Citizens participate directly in decision-making in a direct democracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is essential for preventing any single entity from gaining too much power in a democracy?

    <p>Separation of powers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator of good governance ensures government officials are held accountable for their actions?

    <p>Accountability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does transparency play in governance?

    <p>It allows citizens to understand government decisions and builds trust. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rule of law ensures that:

    <p>All individuals are subject to the law, promoting fairness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of politics as described in the provided content?

    <p>To determine and allocate societal values through authoritative means (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Aristotle, what is essential for fulfilling human life?

    <p>The establishment of a political community or polis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does responsiveness in governance focus on?

    <p>Promptly serving the needs and concerns of the public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key indicator of good governance?

    <p>Popularity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes authority from power in the context of politics?

    <p>Authority is the legitimate right to wield power, while power is the ability to influence behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of checks and balances in a governance system?

    <p>It ensures that government remains responsive to the needs of citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    David Easton's definition emphasizes that politics involves making decisions on which values are prioritized. Which of the following is NOT one of the values mentioned?

    <p>Wealth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the idea of humans as inherently political animals according to Aristotle?

    <p>Political engagement is necessary for pursuing virtue and a good life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does politics shape the social and moral order according to the content?

    <p>By making authoritative decisions on the core values of society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the state play in the authoritative allocation of values?

    <p>The state backs the decisions that reflect societal values to ensure compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the importance of power in politics?

    <p>Power enables leaders to manipulate societal values and enforce compliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does equity and inclusiveness in governance aim to ensure?

    <p>All members of society can participate and benefit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the optimization of resource use in governance?

    <p>Effectiveness and efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of citizen participation in governance?

    <p>Active involvement in decision-making processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of consensus-oriented governance?

    <p>To mediate interests for broad policy agreements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does politics influence governance?

    <p>By providing a framework for implementing policies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do political ideologies play in governance?

    <p>They influence governance practices significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the failure of a government's public service management directly affect?

    <p>Voter interests in future elections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes effective governance?

    <p>Achieves policy goals while minimizing waste. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is politics?

    The study of power, authority, and decision-making in societies.

    Define power.

    The ability to influence the behavior of others.

    Define authority.

    The legitimate right to wield power.

    What are political systems?

    Systems of governance like democracy, autocracy, and oligarchy.

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    What is political behavior?

    Citizen actions like voting, lobbying, and participation in political discussions.

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    Define governance.

    The process of making and implementing decisions for a society, often through direct or representative democracy.

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    What is accountability in governance?

    Ensuring that government officials are accountable for their actions and decisions.

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    What is transparency in governance?

    Making governance processes open and accessible to the public.

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    What is the rule of law in governance?

    Applying laws fairly and equally to all individuals and institutions.

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    What is responsiveness in governance?

    Government responsiveness to public needs and adapting to challenges.

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    What is equity and inclusiveness in governance?

    Ensuring equal opportunities in governance for all, especially vulnerable groups.

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    What is effectiveness and efficiency in governance?

    Achieving governance goals and providing services efficiently.

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    What is participation in governance?

    Active citizen involvement in decision-making processes.

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    What is a consensus-oriented approach in governance?

    Mediating interests to achieve broad agreements for the good of the community.

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    What is the relationship between politics and governance?

    Politics shapes policy, and governance implements those policies.

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    How does governance impact politics?

    Governance quality impacts political landscapes, influencing voters and elections.

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    How do power and ideology influence governance?

    Power dynamics and ideologies shape governance practices.

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    Define democracy.

    A system of government where citizens have the power to make decisions directly or through elected representatives.

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    What is direct democracy?

    A form of democracy where citizens directly vote on laws and policies.

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    What is representative democracy?

    A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

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    What is autocracy?

    A system where power is concentrated in the hands of one person or a small group.

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    What is oligarchy?

    A system of governance where power is held by a small elite group.

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    What is a democracy based on?

    A government that prioritizes the interests of the people.

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    What is the importance of freedom of speech in a democracy?

    Citizens are free to express their opinions and participate in the political process.

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    What is the significance of voting rights in a democracy?

    The right to choose your leaders through elections.

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    What is the role of justice in a democracy?

    Fair and impartial justice system that protects the rights of all citizens.

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    What is the importance of separation of powers in a democracy?

    Checks and balances to ensure no single branch of government becomes too powerful.

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    What is the importance of the constitution in a democracy?

    An established set of rules that govern a society.

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    What is the importance of individual rights in a democracy?

    A society where individuals have basic rights and freedoms.

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    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Define and differentiate politics, governance, and democracy.
    • Explain fundamental principles of democracy and its various forms.
    • Identify and analyze key indicators of good governance and their impact on political stability.

    Definition of Politics

    • Harold Lasswell: Politics is the struggle over "who gets what, when, and how."
    • Politics is central to political science, reflecting daily discussions among individuals about policy and governance.
    • Ayson: Political science studies the state and its elements, including human behavior in political contexts.
    • David Easton: Politics is the "authoritative allocation of values," focusing on decision-making regarding societal values.
    • Aristotle: Humans are inherently social beings (political animals) who thrive in organized communities, where laws and collaboration promote virtue.

    Aspects of Politics

    • Power and Authority: Power is the ability to influence behavior; authority is the legitimate right to wield power. Power can be acquired through elections, inheritance, or force.
    • Political Systems: Political power is organized in various frameworks such as democracy, autocracy, and oligarchy, influencing governance and decision-making mechanisms.
    • Political Behavior: Includes citizen actions such as voting and lobbying. It shapes public opinion and highlights the role of interest groups and media in politics.

    Definition of Governance

    • Governance encompasses decision-making processes, either through direct or representative democracy, ensuring accountability through the separation of powers.

    Indicators of Good Governance

    • Accountability: Government officials must be answerable for their actions, with mechanisms like audits and legal recourse for citizens.
    • Transparency: Governance processes must be open and accessible, helping to build trust with the public.
    • Rule of Law: All individuals and institutions must adhere to the law, ensuring fairness and protection of rights.
    • Responsiveness: Institutions should effectively address public needs and adapt to emerging challenges.
    • Equity and Inclusiveness: Governance must ensure participation opportunities for all, particularly vulnerable groups, promoting fair distribution of resources.
    • Effectiveness and Efficiency: Governance systems should achieve goals and deliver services using resources optimally.
    • Participation: Active citizen involvement in decision-making is vital for inclusive governance.
    • Consensus-Oriented: Governance should mediate interests to achieve broad agreements for community welfare.

    Relationship between Politics and Governance

    • Politics involves decision-making affecting a group; governance is how those decisions are implemented.
    • Political processes like elections influence policy priorities that governance structures must follow.
    • Governance quality impacts political landscapes, shaping voter opinions and electoral outcomes.
    • Power dynamics and ideologies play crucial roles in shaping governance practices.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the basic concepts of politics, governance, and democracy as introduced in the PS 102 course. Students will explore the fundamental principles of democracy and identify key indicators of good governance. Test your knowledge and understanding of these vital topics in Philippine politics.

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