Proximal Humerus Fractures and Treatment Options

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Questions and Answers

What is the second commonest cause of death in children?

  • Non-Accidental Injury (correct)
  • Neck of Femur Fractures
  • Patella Fractures
  • Pelvic Fractures

What is the most common cause of femur fractures in the nonambulatory infant?

  • Ankle Fractures
  • Pelvic Fractures
  • Non-Accidental Trauma (correct)
  • Tibial Shaft Fractures

Which injury pattern is NOT a red flag for Non-Accidental Injury?

  • Stable ankle mortise (correct)
  • Torn frenulum
  • Rib fractures, especially posteromedial
  • Transphyseal separation of the distal humerus

Which type of fracture is commonly associated with an avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal?

<p>Lisfranc Injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect determining the stability of ankle mortise?

<p>Intra-articular disruption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for fractures in the elderly with osteoporosis due to minimal trauma?

<p>Pelvic ramus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 30-day mortality rate for neck of femur fractures in the UK?

<p>6.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture is often a result of a direct blow onto the knee and may be treated with open reduction and internal fixation?

<p>Patella fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In lower limb trauma, what carries a higher risk of neck of femur (NOF) fracture?

<p>Dementia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal in managing pelvic fractures in young people associated with high velocity trauma?

<p>Stopping hemorrhage by stabilizing the pelvis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by bending and incomplete breakage of the bone, often seen in children due to their bone flexibility?

<p>Greenstick fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In paediatric fractures, what component of bones is larger compared to adults, making them susceptible to a different injury pattern?

<p>Cartilaginous component (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture involves an incomplete break across the bone shaft, typically seen in children due to their more pliable bones?

<p>Greenstick fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of fracture in children, characterized by a bulging of the outer surface of the bone without a complete break?

<p>Torus fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In paediatric fractures, at what time period after injury does remodelling or worsening of deformity due to growth occur?

<p>6 weeks after injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by a disruption in the continuity of the bone and is often seen in children?

<p>Avulsion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of fracture is there a skin breach, and the extent of the wound determines the severity?

<p>Open fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a fracture with more than two pieces of bone?

<p>Comminuted fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fracture that involves both bone fracture and joint dislocation?

<p>Fracture dislocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fracture management, what is the term for the application of Plaster of Paris or a removable splint?

<p>Conservative treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis if Osteogenesis Imperfecta Non-Accidental Injury is left unreported?

<p>5-10% chance of repeat abuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Compartment Syndrome, what are the most commonly affected areas?

<p>Leg, forearm, hand, thigh, buttock, and foot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of Compartment Syndrome that occurs most commonly after trauma?

<p>Acute Compartment Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Compartment Syndrome?

<p>Fractures, gunshot wounds, crush injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of Compartment Syndrome?

<p>PAIN out of proportion to injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third most common fracture in patients over 65 years of age?

<p>Proximal humerus fractures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fixation offers increased proximal stability for proximal humerus fractures?

<p>Proximal humeral nail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of injury for fractures of the humeral shaft?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is typically treated with hemiarthroplasty?

<p>Surgical neck fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly used for fixation of 3–4 part proximal humerus fractures?

<p>Proximal humeral locking plate 3.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of union with good functional restoration and minimal angular deformity for humeral fractures treated nonsurgically?

<p>98% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In humeral fractures, which type of fractures are most commonly associated with neuropraxia?

<p>Transverse fractures of the middle 1/3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of reported cases where spontaneous recovery of nerve function is found in spiral fractures of the distal 1/3?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for unstable forearm fractures and open forearm fractures?

<p>ORIF with Plates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In distal radius fractures, what is the preferred method of treatment?

<p>Casting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in the treatment of elbow fractures?

<p>Anatomic articular reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fractures necessitate stable internal fixation of the articular surface and segment to the metaphysis and diaphysis in the distal humerus?

<p>Comminuted fractures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of plate is recommended for fixation in forearm fractures?

<p>Dorsal plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture would necessitate early range of motion of the elbow in treatment?

<p>Elbow Fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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