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Questions and Answers
What must accompany all summonses issued for provincial offences?
What must accompany all summonses issued for provincial offences?
Which of the following statements is true regarding minors under 12 years of age?
Which of the following statements is true regarding minors under 12 years of age?
In which locations is it legal for a person over 19 years old to possess liquor?
In which locations is it legal for a person over 19 years old to possess liquor?
What process is used to charge a person aged 16 to 18 years for alcohol-related offences?
What process is used to charge a person aged 16 to 18 years for alcohol-related offences?
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What must occur before a summons under Part III can be issued by a JP or Judge?
What must occur before a summons under Part III can be issued by a JP or Judge?
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What is the limitation period for charging an LLCA offence?
What is the limitation period for charging an LLCA offence?
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Under what circumstance can police take someone to detox instead of arresting them?
Under what circumstance can police take someone to detox instead of arresting them?
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Which of the following can prompt a police officer to search a motor vehicle without a warrant?
Which of the following can prompt a police officer to search a motor vehicle without a warrant?
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Which professionals have the authority to issue an apprehension order for a person in crisis under the MHA?
Which professionals have the authority to issue an apprehension order for a person in crisis under the MHA?
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What constitutes a reason for an officer to believe a person is in crisis according to the MHA?
What constitutes a reason for an officer to believe a person is in crisis according to the MHA?
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What best defines an 'offence' in the context of provincial statutes?
What best defines an 'offence' in the context of provincial statutes?
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Which statement is true regarding the role of a Provincial Offences Officer (POO)?
Which statement is true regarding the role of a Provincial Offences Officer (POO)?
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What is the first step in proceeding with a provincial offence under Part 1?
What is the first step in proceeding with a provincial offence under Part 1?
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What happens after an offender receives the Offence Notice?
What happens after an offender receives the Offence Notice?
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In a Part 1 proceeding, what are the options available to an offender?
In a Part 1 proceeding, what are the options available to an offender?
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What is the maximum duration a physician can order a person to be detained in a hospital for examination under the MHA?
What is the maximum duration a physician can order a person to be detained in a hospital for examination under the MHA?
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Which of the following professionals is NOT authorized to issue an order for apprehension under the MHA?
Which of the following professionals is NOT authorized to issue an order for apprehension under the MHA?
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What happens if an involuntary patient leaves a psych facility and is not apprehended within 30 days?
What happens if an involuntary patient leaves a psych facility and is not apprehended within 30 days?
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What is an informal patient in a psychiatric facility?
What is an informal patient in a psychiatric facility?
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Under what condition can the Justice of the Peace or physician's order for apprehension remain valid for up to 7 days?
Under what condition can the Justice of the Peace or physician's order for apprehension remain valid for up to 7 days?
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How long can a person be remanded to a psych facility for examination if they appear before a judge and suffer from a mental disorder?
How long can a person be remanded to a psych facility for examination if they appear before a judge and suffer from a mental disorder?
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What type of tenancy agreement involves no formal documentation and may exist informally?
What type of tenancy agreement involves no formal documentation and may exist informally?
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What is the time frame a tenant has to retrieve belongings after eviction by sheriff?
What is the time frame a tenant has to retrieve belongings after eviction by sheriff?
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What is one of the primary roles of a coroner in a death investigation?
What is one of the primary roles of a coroner in a death investigation?
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Under what condition can a bar owner remove an intoxicated individual?
Under what condition can a bar owner remove an intoxicated individual?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the coroner's responsibilities?
Which of the following is NOT part of the coroner's responsibilities?
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In which scenario is coroner notification NOT required?
In which scenario is coroner notification NOT required?
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What type of individuals possess statutory authority to investigate sudden or unexpected deaths?
What type of individuals possess statutory authority to investigate sudden or unexpected deaths?
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What must a coroner obtain to perform a postmortem examination?
What must a coroner obtain to perform a postmortem examination?
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Which of the following scenarios requires coroner notification?
Which of the following scenarios requires coroner notification?
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What authority does a coroner NOT have?
What authority does a coroner NOT have?
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Who makes the decision to conduct a post-mortem?
Who makes the decision to conduct a post-mortem?
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What is the minimum number of jury members required for a majority decision during a coroner's inquest?
What is the minimum number of jury members required for a majority decision during a coroner's inquest?
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In which situation is a mandatory coroner's inquest required?
In which situation is a mandatory coroner's inquest required?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five purposes of a coroner's inquest?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five purposes of a coroner's inquest?
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What is a requirement for transporting cannabis in a vehicle or boat?
What is a requirement for transporting cannabis in a vehicle or boat?
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What action can a police officer take if they believe an offence includes cannabis in a vehicle or boat?
What action can a police officer take if they believe an offence includes cannabis in a vehicle or boat?
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What role does a police investigator have during a post-mortem?
What role does a police investigator have during a post-mortem?
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What is one of the key objectives of the Cannabis Control Act, 2017?
What is one of the key objectives of the Cannabis Control Act, 2017?
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Which entity is not included in the definition of a police officer in the context of provincial statutes?
Which entity is not included in the definition of a police officer in the context of provincial statutes?
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What must be completed to initiate a proceeding under Part 1 for a provincial offence?
What must be completed to initiate a proceeding under Part 1 for a provincial offence?
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What is one of the options an offender has after receiving an Offence Notice under Part 1?
What is one of the options an offender has after receiving an Offence Notice under Part 1?
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Which statement accurately describes the role of a Provincial Offences Officer (POO)?
Which statement accurately describes the role of a Provincial Offences Officer (POO)?
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What general type of offences primarily proceed through Part 1 of the Provincial Offences Act?
What general type of offences primarily proceed through Part 1 of the Provincial Offences Act?
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What must occur before an officer can issue a summons under Part III?
What must occur before an officer can issue a summons under Part III?
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Which statement is true regarding minors aged 12 to 15 years in relation to summonses?
Which statement is true regarding minors aged 12 to 15 years in relation to summonses?
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What is the age requirement for legally possessing liquor in private places under the LLCA?
What is the age requirement for legally possessing liquor in private places under the LLCA?
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In the context of alcohol-related offences, how is a person between 16 and 18 years charged?
In the context of alcohol-related offences, how is a person between 16 and 18 years charged?
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What is the jurisdiction of the Ontario Court of Justice concerning POA matters?
What is the jurisdiction of the Ontario Court of Justice concerning POA matters?
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Under what circumstances can police conduct a search without a warrant in relation to liquor offenses?
Under what circumstances can police conduct a search without a warrant in relation to liquor offenses?
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What is one of the behaviors that would indicate a person is in crisis and may require police intervention under the MHA?
What is one of the behaviors that would indicate a person is in crisis and may require police intervention under the MHA?
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What is the main purpose of taking an intoxicated individual to detox instead of arresting them?
What is the main purpose of taking an intoxicated individual to detox instead of arresting them?
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Which professionals possess the authority to issue an apprehension order under the MHA?
Which professionals possess the authority to issue an apprehension order under the MHA?
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What actions are police allowed to take if they believe liquor is being used unlawfully in a public space?
What actions are police allowed to take if they believe liquor is being used unlawfully in a public space?
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What is the maximum fine that can be imposed under Part I of the POA?
What is the maximum fine that can be imposed under Part I of the POA?
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What is the time frame for an officer to file a Certificate of Offence in court after service?
What is the time frame for an officer to file a Certificate of Offence in court after service?
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What happens if an offender does not decide on one of the options within 15 days?
What happens if an offender does not decide on one of the options within 15 days?
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Who typically presides over a Part I trial?
Who typically presides over a Part I trial?
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What must occur if a Part III summons is issued?
What must occur if a Part III summons is issued?
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What is required for an officer to serve a Part I Offence Notice?
What is required for an officer to serve a Part I Offence Notice?
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If the defendant or their representative does not appear at the trial, what can the Justice of the Peace do?
If the defendant or their representative does not appear at the trial, what can the Justice of the Peace do?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Part I proceeding?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Part I proceeding?
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What is the maximum time a physician can order a person to be detained in a hospital for examination under the MHA?
What is the maximum time a physician can order a person to be detained in a hospital for examination under the MHA?
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Which professional has the authority to apprehend a person under the MHA?
Which professional has the authority to apprehend a person under the MHA?
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How long is an apprehension order issued by a Justice of the Peace or physician valid?
How long is an apprehension order issued by a Justice of the Peace or physician valid?
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Which type of patient seeks treatment on their own for mental illness?
Which type of patient seeks treatment on their own for mental illness?
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What is the police's role in relation to the Residential Tenancies Act 2006?
What is the police's role in relation to the Residential Tenancies Act 2006?
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What is one common reason for a landlord to terminate a tenancy for cause?
What is one common reason for a landlord to terminate a tenancy for cause?
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Who is authorized to enforce an eviction order?
Who is authorized to enforce an eviction order?
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What is the maximum amount a landlord can demand for a security deposit?
What is the maximum amount a landlord can demand for a security deposit?
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Which of the following options correctly describes a condition for trespassing?
Which of the following options correctly describes a condition for trespassing?
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Which statement reflects the liability aspect of trespassing?
Which statement reflects the liability aspect of trespassing?
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In what situation can a police officer arrest for trespassing?
In what situation can a police officer arrest for trespassing?
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For a trespass by means of a motor vehicle, who is liable for the fine if the driver is not the owner?
For a trespass by means of a motor vehicle, who is liable for the fine if the driver is not the owner?
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What constitutes a valid method of notifying a person of trespassing?
What constitutes a valid method of notifying a person of trespassing?
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What is the legal implication of failing to take proper steps regarding trespass notifications by the landowner?
What is the legal implication of failing to take proper steps regarding trespass notifications by the landowner?
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Study Notes
Provincial Statutes and Regulations 1 Review
-
Terminology:
- Offence - refers to an offense under provincial legislation, regulation, or by-law.
- Police officer - does not include special constable or by-law officer.
- Prov. Offences Officer (POO) - a police officer, municipal law enforcement, or by-law enforcement officer, or a person designated under section 1 (3).
POA Part 1
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Proceeding:
- Most provincial offenses are handled through charging someone using Part 1.
- Liquor offenses are usually charged under Part 1 due to fixed fines.
- The process begins when an officer completes the Certificate of Offence (charging document) and hands the offender the Offence Notice, specifying the offense, Act, section, and fine.
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Offender Options:
- Option 1: Plead Guilty and pay the fine.
- Option 2: Plead Guilty before a Justice of the Peace after penalty submissions and resolution with the prosecutor.
- Option 3: Plead Not Guilty and request a trial.
- Offenders have 15 days to choose an option; if no choice is made, guilt is assumed.
- The officer must file the Certificate of Offence at court within 7 days.
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Service of Offence Notice:
- The notice is served personally within 30 days of the offense.
- If personal service isn't possible, a Part III summons is issued.
- The Certificate of Offence is filed in court no later than 7 days after service.
- Fines under Part 1 are capped at $1000.
- No jail time is possible under Part 1.
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Short Form Wordings/Set Fines:
- Approved language is used to describe offenses on Part 1 charging documents.
- The chief justice establishes the language to provide the defendant with a written notice of the offense committed.
- The officer cannot set a fine that differs from the set fine.
- Only personal service is allowed for Part 1.
POA Part 1 - Trial
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Trial Procedures:
- The officer testifies at trial.
- The Justice of the Peace presides over the trial.
- The person asking questions or giving evidence is either the person, or a representative.
- The defendant doesn't have to appear in court; they can have a lawyer or paralegal represent them.
- The defendant doesn't have to testify or call witnesses.
- If the defendant or representative misses trial, and there are no errors on the Certificate of Offence, a finding of guilt is possible.
- The officer isn't required to testify in this case.
POA Part III
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Offence Circumstances:
- An offense is charged when there's no set or satisfactory fine for an offense committed.
- Part III Summons is served, requiring the offender's court attendance (with a possible representative).
- The officer completes an affidavit of service on the back of the summons and an information (charging document).
- The affidavit of service, information, and summons are sworn before a Justice of the Peace or judge.
Part III Summons - Charged After the Offense Date
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Offense Procedure:
- The officer creates an information explaining the provincial offense.
- The officer swears the charging document before a Justice of the Peace (JP) or Judge.
- The JP or Judge verifies provided evidence.
- The JP or Judge issues a Part III summons charging the offender.
- The offender is served the summons.
- The officer provides an affidavit of service, sworn before a JP.
Young Person
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Age Restrictions:
- People aged 12 to 15 are subject to different procedures.
- Summons are issued, but a Part 1 Offence Notice (related to cannabis and other regulated matters) cannot be issued.
- Parents/guardians must be notified of the charges against the young person. -No one under 12 can be given a charge .
Ontario Court of Justice
- Jurisdiction: The Ontario Court of Justice has jurisdiction over POA matters.
- A Justice of the Peace typically presides over POA matters.
- A Judge handles more serious trials in this court.
LLCA - Review
-
Legal Alcohol Possession:
- A person over 19 years old can legally possess liquor in 3 locations: their residence, a licensed establishment, and a private place if a motor vehicle, boat, or similar.
- These private spaces must have accommodation for sleeping, cooking, washing, and be used as a residence.
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Minor Offences:
- A person under 19 years old cannot purchase, consume, or have liquor.
- This matter is regulated differently for minors.
- Process differs for people aged 16 and 18 compared to under age 16.
- Minors (under 19) can be charged with cannabis offenses.
LLCA Review
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Arrest Authorities:
-Arrest authorities can respond to intoxicated people in public due to alcohol consumption or perceived danger to others.
- LLCA Offenses and false identification will be dealt with differently.
- The period for offenses in general is generally 2 years from the committal date. -A public place is different than private property, allowing public access. Public areas include business places and public spaces.
LLCA - Review (Continued)
- Public Place: A public place is different from private property, allowing public access. Public areas include business places and public spaces. People in public spaces are not considered to be private members when they are on property.
- Seizure Powers: Motor vehicles and boats can be searched without warrants with reasonable grounds. Authorities can seize if the items are being used in committing an offense.
MHA - Review
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Police Role:
- Enforcement and intervention for mental health issues.
- Apprehension occurs without arrest.
- Police can act upon the apprehension order of a physician, Justice of the Peace, or an Officer in charge of a psych facility.
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Apprehension Powers: Apprehension can be carried out by the police, a judge, JP or a doctor.
MHA - Review (Continued)
- Disorderly Conduct: -Section 17 of the Mental Health Act addresses disorderly conduct due to a mental disorder, danger to self or others and the risks of waiting for apprehended orders.
- Behaviours: Examples of behaviours covered include threatening, violent or threatening to harm self or others.
- Competence: Lack of competence to care self, evidenced by witnesses or observation. -Officers do not need to directly witness the behavior, but must believe it happened through witness accounts, observations, etc.
MHA - Review (Continued)
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Apprehension Procedure:
- If apprehended, a person is taken for examination immediately.
- The officer's authority for apprehension doesn't extend beyond the time taken to locate and apprehend.
- A physician can order a person's detention in a hospital for up to 72 hours for further examination, using Form 1.
- Police must wait with the detained person until the examination by a physician is complete.
MHA - Review (Continued)
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Types of Patients:
- Informal Patient: Admitted to a psych facility with consent of another person, often a minor with their parent or caregiver.
- Voluntary Patient: Seeks treatment for mental illness on their own.
- Involuntary Patient: Detained due to a certificate for involuntary admission or a certificate renewal. Patient isn't free to leave the facility unless their condition allows for dismissal within 30 days of the admission.
- Apprehension Authority:
- Professionals (physicians, Justice of the Peace, police officers, or judges) can apprehend under the Mental Health Act, a process not considered an arrest.
MHA - Review (Continued)
- Apprehension Order Validity: An order from a Justice of the Peace (JP) or a physician for apprehension is valid for 7 days to be carried out. If a person appears in court charged or convicted of an offence due to suffering a mental disorder, they may be remanded to a psych facility for examination for 2 months or less.
RTA - Review
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Police Response:
- Police refer landlord-tenant disputes to the Tenant Board.
- Tenancy Agreements: Tenancy agreements can be: -1. Written -2. Oral -3. Implied (implied agreements are often with relatives or friends).
RTA - Review (Continued)
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Landlord Termination: -A landlord can terminate a tenancy without cause (such as for major repairs or a family member moving in) or with cause due to:
- Non-payment of rent.
- Damage to the unit.
- Disturbances.
- Illegal activities
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Eviction:
- After eviction by a sheriff, the tenant has 72 hours to gather their belongings.
Police Response to Eviction
- Sheriff Role: Only a sheriff can enforce an eviction order.
- Dispute Resolution: The police can help maintain order during an eviction.
- Additional Actions: Law enforcement can use regulations on trespassing for potential legal actions if needed
RTA - Frequent Student Questions
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Security Deposits:
- Landlords can only demand a security deposit equal to one month or one week's rent for last month or week.
-
Damage Deposits:
- Damage deposits cannot exceed one month or one week's rent.
- Monthly payments are expected if the lease is a year long, until end of lease.
TTPA - Review (Methods of Giving Notice)
- Land Under Cultivation: No signage is needed for farmland with trees less than 2 meters high to keep animals.
- No Trespassing: Notice can be given orally or in writing. Signs must be visible during daylight at points of access.
TTPA - Review (Offenses Under Section 2)
- Occupier and Premises: Occupier (physical property controller) and premises can cover many types of structures and buildings, including mobile vehicles and trailers as well as structures.
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Section 2 Offences: Examples of such offenses are:
- Entering prohibited premises.
- Participating in prohibited activities.
- Failing to leave premises when directed.
- Occupiers or police can take action against others committing these offences.
- Only police can make arrests away from the premises.
TTPA - Review (Trespassing as Absolute Liability)
- Trespassing Liability: Trespassing is an absolute liability offense, meaning the person is at fault if they are on the property, regardless if proper actions were taken by the occupier to let them know its not allowed.
- Proof of Innocence: The burden of proving innocence rests on the alleged trespasser.
- Landowner’s Actions: Landowners may require proof that measures were made by them to give notice of the rule and regulations to the offender prior if they wish to make a claim about the offense in court for a conviction.
TTPA - Review (Trespass by Means of a MV)
- Vehicle Trespassing (S.11): The driver of the vehicle is responsible for a fine for trespassing, not the owner, unless the driver has already been convicted of trespassing before, or if a vehicle was taken without the owner's consent.
TTPA/LLCA - Review
- Establishments and Trespassing:
- People in establishments can be asked to leave.
- A person can be arrested when they are intoxicated in public depending on the circumstances.
- The proprietor/manager of the licenced establishment can take action without arrest if there are infractions under the LLCA.
- Minors committing minor offences can be charged.
- Owners, managers and servers can be held liable for supplying minors with substance if necessary.
- People in establishments can be asked to leave if they violate the terms of the establishment. Police can be called for trespass if the person refuses requests. Intoxication can be a grounds for arrest if the police feel it's required.
Coroners Act – 5 Questions in a Death Investigation
- Coroner Designation: Coroners are medical doctors specializing in death investigations.
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Role and Responsibilities: Coroners investigate to determine:
- Who the deceased was (ID).
- The medical cause of death (e.g., cardiac arrest).
- The time and date of death.
- The location of death (can be different from where the body was found).
- The manner of death (homicide, suicide, accident, undetermined natural causes).
- Importance: Coroners' role is essential because death investigations can rule out criminal intent and determine if causes of death were due to negligence.
Role of the Coroner
- Authority: Coroners have legal authority to investigate unexpected or sudden deaths that warrant further investigation.
- Powers: Coroners' powers include the taking of deceased bodies, and the examining of locations that may have been connected to the cause of death. Any items discovered in this process can be examined and be seized by authorities, without causing a criminal breach of the law.
- A warrant may be issued by a coroner for the body if necessary.
Coroner Notification Or Police
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Notification Triggers: A coroner or police may be required to investigate when a death occurs:
- Suddenly or unexpectedly.
- At a construction or mining site.
- In a correctional facility.
- When a person is injured/killed due to police use of force.
- Other Circumstances:
- Accidental death.
- Homicide or suicide.
- Psych facilities.
- Public or private hospitals.
- Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID).
Coroner Notification
- Doctor-Treated Deaths: If the deceased was under treatment by a doctor related to a disease, no coroner notification is required.
Investigative Powers
- Authorization: The act authorizes specific classifications of people: Coroners, Police, and Medical Practitioners to take the following actions: inspect or take possessions of a dead body. Police can inspect a place where the body was found or where they think the body may have been previously.
Conducting the Post-Mortem
- Decision-making: The coroner decides if a post-mortem is needed, sometimes consulting a pathologist (doctor specialized in post-mortems).
- Witnessing: Police investigators are required to witness the process.
- Sharing Information: Relevant information from the scene helps determine the cause of death.
- Documentation: All shared information during the process must be documented.
Coroners Inquest
- Requirement: Inquests are mandatory in specific deaths or if the coroner deems a necessity in the public interest.
- Jury Role: A jury can suggest ways to prevent similar deaths.
- Presiding Officer: The inquest is presided over by a coroner.
- Jury Size: A 5-member jury is needed; a majority (minimum 3) decision is required. The proceedings are public.
Coroners Inquest (Purposes)
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Purpose: A coroner's inquest is to establish:
- The identity of the deceased.
- How, when, and where the death occurred.
- The cause of death and the method through which the death was caused.
Mandatory Inquests
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Specific Circumstances: Mandatory Inquests cover these situations:
- Psychiatric facility inmates.
- Correctional facility inmates.
- Persons in police custody.
- Construction or mining incidents.
Cannabis Control Act, 2017 Overview
-
Prohibitions:
- Prohibits the sale, distribution, purchase, possession, cultivation, propagation, and harvesting of cannabis in regulated ways.
-
Youth Protection:
- Aims to protect youth and public health/safety by limiting youth access to cannabis.
Boat/Vehicle Offences
- Transportation: Transporting cannabis in original and unopened packaging.
- Baggage: Packing in luggage that is locked or inaccessible to others in vehicle.
Police Officer's Search Powers
- Reasonable Grounds (RGS): If there is evidence that cannabis is being transported/held illegally in a vehicle and an offense occurred, the vehicle can be searched without a warrant, along with the person(s) found in it and any cannabis or associated paraphernalia.
Seizure Powers
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Circumstances: Cannabis can be seized if:
- An offense related to cannabis has occurred.
- The seizure prevents continuation of the illegal activity.
- Exemptions: Certain procedures and activities are exempt from the rules under the Cannabis Control Act, including but not limited to smoking.
When a Police Officer Makes a Cannabis Seizure
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Reasoning:
- The Act contains regulations allowing authorities to seize cannabis if it is used or it is suspected it might be used in committing an offense. Authorities can consider prior convictions and evidence of repeated offenses as part of the reasonable suspicion assessment.
- Any item used for an offense can be seized.
Police Officer's Arrest Power (No Warrant)
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Arrest Grounds: A police officer can arrest a person without a warrant under the Cannabis Control Act if:
- The person violates the act or its rules/regulations.
- The identification or the person's identity is doubtful/suspicious, or their address is verified to be false.
Offences Relating to Minors (Under 19)
- Prohibition: No one under 19 can possess, consume, attempt to sell, or distribute cannabis.
- Referral: Police officers can suggest these young people participate in educational programs.
- **Exemptions:**No exemptions exist like the LLCA for parents/guardians regarding cannabis use by their underage children.
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Description
Test your knowledge on provincial offences and laws pertaining to minors and alcohol-related incidents. This quiz covers crucial topics such as summons issuance, possession laws, and police authority. Understand the legal framework surrounding these matters effectively.