Chap 07- Health and Hygiene
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Amoebiasis?

  • Bites from infected mosquitoes
  • Direct contact with infected individuals
  • Inhalation of contaminated air
  • Contaminated food and water, Flies (correct)

    • Which symptom is NOT associated with Malaria?

  • High fever
  • Profuse sweating
  • Loose stool with mucus (correct)
  • Chill

    • What is a key preventive measure against Malaria?

  • Controlling mosquito populations (correct)
  • Using clean and boiled water
  • Proper disposal of faeces
  • Regular hand washing

    • What parasite is responsible for Malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is commonly used for Amoebiasis?

    <p>Sulpha drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of both the common cold and influenza?

    <p>Nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the prevention and cure of viral infections is true?

    <p>Rest helps in recovery from viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does amoebiasis primarily spread?

    <p>Via contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a symptom specific to influenza but not to the common cold?

    <p>Chill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism causes amoebiasis?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for Typhoid?

    <p>Through food and water contaminated by flies or sewage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically mentioned for the treatment of Pneumonia?

    <p>Penicillin injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with Tuberculosis?

    <p>Phlegm and persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a prevention method for Typhoid?

    <p>Proper sanitation and use of boiled water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is most commonly affected by Pneumonia according to the symptoms described?

    <p>Mainly elderly individuals and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the World Health Organization define health as?

    <p>A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not listed as a characteristic of a healthy person?

    <p>Is always physically active without rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of maintaining good health?

    <p>Indulging in a high-sugar diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of foods are included in the 'Fat-rich foods' category?

    <p>Peanut butter and oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a recommended way to achieve good health?

    <p>Following an adequate regime of physical exercise and proper recreation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice contributes to maintaining good health?

    <p>Taking breaks while working</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of vaccines like BCG and OPV?

    <p>To prevent communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of noncommunicable disease?

    <p>Infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is recommended for maintaining good health?

    <p>Engaging in simple physical exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about noncommunicable diseases?

    <p>They spread easily among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between communicable and noncommunicable diseases?

    <p>Communicable diseases require a spreading agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a communicable disease?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to organisms that transmit pathogens to humans?

    <p>Vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which noncommunicable disease is primarily caused by nutritional deficiency?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do noncommunicable diseases not share with communicable diseases?

    <p>They are not spread from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a pathogen that causes communicable diseases?

    <p>Nutritional deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is specifically known to be spread by a vector?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the microorganisms that cause diseases?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

    <p>Degeneration of muscles and reduced body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency disease is specifically caused by a lack of iodine?

    <p>Goitre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is essential for the formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main symptoms of kwashiorkor?

    <p>Swelling of the abdomen and stunted growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency disease results from the lack of potassium?

    <p>Muscle weakness and paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency leads to night blindness?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Beri-beri?

    <p>Inflammation of nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is primarily associated with Rickets in children?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms of Scurvy?

    <p>Swollen and bleeding gums, and slow healing of wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Malfunctioning of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from the narrowing of the coronary artery due to cholesterol deposition?

    <p>Coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment method for cancer?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis typically occurs in older age?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the risk of developing cancer?

    <p>Healthy dietary choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is transmitted through contaminated air?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mode of transmission for food-borne diseases?

    <p>By eating spoiled food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can effectively prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases?

    <p>Using mosquito nets and repellents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents of transmission is linked to rabies?

    <p>Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is NOT typically transmitted by contaminated water?

    <p>Diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a preventative measure for communicable diseases?

    <p>Using boiled water for drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is primarily associated with direct contact transmission?

    <p>Measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can unhygienic habits contribute to the spread of diseases?

    <p>By contaminating food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protozoan Diseases

    • Amoebiasis: Caused by Entamoeba histolytica, leading to diarrhea with blood and mucus. Transmitted through contaminated food, water, and flies.
    • Malaria: Caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms include chills, high fever, and sweating; treated with chloroquine and mosquito control.

    Bacterial Diseases

    • Pneumonia: Affects lungs, more common in children and the elderly; high fever. Spread through air and sputum, treated with antibiotics like penicillin.
    • Tuberculosis (TB): Primarily affects lungs; marked by coughing and phlegm. Transmitted through air, droplets, and treated with BCG vaccination and antibiotics like streptomycin.
    • Typhoid: Caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water, leading to intestinal fever with reddish eruptions. Prevention through sanitation, boiled water, and vaccination.

    Viral Diseases

    • Common Cold: Resulting from droplet infection, causing nasal discharge, headache, and mild fever. No medication required; prevention includes avoiding contact with affected individuals.
    • Influenza: Similar transmission as common cold with more severe symptoms including body pain and chills. Rest is recommended; no specific medication for viral infections.

    Health Definition

    • According to WHO, health encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

    Maintaining Good Health

    • Balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management are essential for good health.

    Components of a Balanced Diet

    • Fat-rich: Includes butter, oils, nuts.
    • Vitamin and mineral-rich: Includes leafy vegetables and fruits.
    • Protein-rich: Includes meat, fish, and dairy.
    • Carbohydrate-rich: Includes bread, rice, and potatoes.

    Diseases Overview

    • A disease represents abnormal organ functioning, and can be communicable (spreadable) or noncommunicable (not spreadable).

    Communicable vs. Noncommunicable Diseases

    • Communicable Diseases: Spread through pathogens including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and worms (e.g., smallpox, tuberculosis).
    • Noncommunicable Diseases: Do not spread from person to person; caused by various factors like nutrition and genetics (e.g., cancer, heart disease).

    Types of Noncommunicable Diseases

    • Includes nutritional deficiency diseases, genetic disorders, allergies, degenerative diseases, and cancers.

    Modes of Transmission of Communicable Diseases

    • Transmitted via direct contact, contaminated air, food, water, vectors, and unhygienic practices.

    Preventing Communicable Diseases

    • Avoid spoiled food, maintain cleanliness, use disinfectants, and avoid direct contact with infected individuals.

    Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

    • Result from malnutrition; categorized into:
      • Protein Malnutrition: Causes conditions like kwashiorkor and marasmus.
      • Mineral Deficiency: Associated with deficiencies in calcium, iron, iodine leading to diseases like rickets and anemia.
      • Vitamin Deficiency: Results in diseases like night blindness (Vitamin A) and scurvy (Vitamin C).

    Degenerative Diseases

    • Caused by the malfunctioning of organs, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arthritis.

    Cancer

    • Represents uncontrolled cell division forming tumors; linked to factors like radiation exposure and certain lifestyle habits. Treatment includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery.

    Vaccination for Communicable Diseases

    • BCG: For tuberculosis
    • DPT: For diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
    • OPV: For polio
    • MMR: For measles, mumps, rubella
    • TT: For tetanus

    These study notes cover the key aspects of protozoan, bacterial, and viral diseases, as well as health maintenance and disease prevention strategies.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on common protozoan diseases, their modes of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures. This quiz will help you understand important aspects related to these diseases and their impact on health.

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