Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the shape of the nucleus in histolytica?
What is the shape of the nucleus in histolytica?
- Irregular and elongated
- Biconcave
- Cylindrical
- Single and spherical (correct)
Which feature of the nucleus in histolytica is not noted in its description?
Which feature of the nucleus in histolytica is not noted in its description?
- Compact chromatin structure
- Presence of fine peripheral chromatin
- Presence of a central karyosome
- Multiple nuclei (correct)
How do trophozoites of histolytica move?
How do trophozoites of histolytica move?
- Flagella
- Cilia
- Pseudopodia (correct)
- Passive diffusion
Which of the following characteristics is true regarding the nucleus of histolytica?
Which of the following characteristics is true regarding the nucleus of histolytica?
Which statement about the trophozoites of histolytica is false?
Which statement about the trophozoites of histolytica is false?
What is a distinguishing feature of mature cysts of Entamoeba histolytica?
What is a distinguishing feature of mature cysts of Entamoeba histolytica?
Which of the following statements correctly describes Giardia lamblia trophozoites?
Which of the following statements correctly describes Giardia lamblia trophozoites?
How many total flagella does Giardia lamblia possess?
How many total flagella does Giardia lamblia possess?
What type of illness is primarily associated with Giardia lamblia?
What type of illness is primarily associated with Giardia lamblia?
From which part of Giardia lamblia's structure do its flagella arise?
From which part of Giardia lamblia's structure do its flagella arise?
Flashcards
Entamoeba histolytica cyst
Entamoeba histolytica cyst
Mature stage of Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by four nuclei within a cyst wall.
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
The active, feeding stage of Entamoeba histolytica, capable of invading tissues.
Entamoeba histolytica nucleus
Entamoeba histolytica nucleus
A single, round nucleus with a fine outer layer of chromatin and a central karyosome.
Entamoeba histolytica pseudopodia
Entamoeba histolytica pseudopodia
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Entamoeba histolytica karyosome
Entamoeba histolytica karyosome
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Entamoeba histolytica peripheral chromatin
Entamoeba histolytica peripheral chromatin
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Study Notes
Protozoa
-
Entamoeba histolytica (Trophozoites):
- Identification: Presence of ingested red blood cells.
- Nucleus: Single, spherical, with fine peripheral chromatin and a central karyosome.
- Motility: Actively motile using pseudopodia.
- Classification: Phylum: Sarcodina; spp: Entamoeba histolytica
-
Entamoeba histolytica (cysts):
- Identification: Cytoplasm is granular and contains rod-like chromatid bars.
- Nucleus: Mature cyst contains four nuclei (quadrinucleated cyst).
- Cyst wall: Surrounded by a cyst wall.
- No RBCs or food particles.
- Classification: Phylum: Sarcodina; spp: Entamoeba histolytica
Flagellates
- Giardia lamblia (trophozoites):
- Identification: Binucleated, resembling a face.
- Flagella: Eight flagella (2 anterior, 2 posterior, 2 ventral, 2 caudal), arising from kinetosomes.
- Adhesive disc: Ventral surface bears an adhesive disc for attachment to intestinal cells.
- Disease: Diarrheal illness.
- Classification: Phylum: Mastigophora=Flagellates. spp:: Giardia lamblia
Kinetoplastida
- Trypanosoma brucei:
- Identification: Elongated body, streamlined, tapered shape.
- Flagellum: Attached to the cell membrane forming an undulating membrane, arising from the basal body and running toward the anterior end.
- Disease: Sleeping sickness.
- Classification: Phylum: Mastigophora=Flagellates; spp: Trypanosoma brucei
Sporozoa
- Plasmodium malaria (malarial trophozoites):
- Identification: Generally ring-shaped.
- Classification: Phylum: Sporozoa; spp: Plasmodium malaria
Platyhelminthes (Flukes)
-
Fasciola hepatica:
- Identification: Leaf-shaped, pointed anteriorly, and wide posteriorly.
- Oral sucker: Small but powerful, located at the top of a cone-shaped projection.
- Larger ventral sucker: Larger than the oral sucker.
- Anus: No anus.
- Classification: Class: Trematode. spp: Fasciola Hepatica
-
Schistosoma:
- Identification: Long groove called the gynecophoric canal where females are held.
- Sexes: Females are longer than males.
- Classification: Class: Trematode. spp: Schistosoma
Platyhelminthes (Tapeworms)
-
Taenia solium:
- Identification: Flatworm; can grow 2-6 meters in length.
- Scolex: Four cup-like muscular suckers. Rostellum is armed with hooks in two circles.
- Uterine branches: (7-13) uterine branches on one side.
- Classification: Class: Cestode. spp: Taenia solium
-
Taenia saginata:
- Identification: Flatworm; can grow 4-12 meters in length.
- Scolex: Four cup-like muscular suckers, no hooks or rostellum.
- Uterine branches: 15-30 uterine branches on one side (in gravid proglottids).
- Classification: Class: Cestode. spp: Taenia saginata
Nematoda (Roundworms)
-
Ascaris:
- Identification: Fertilized egg, male and female.
- Body: Long, cylindrical, fusiform (pointed at both ends).
- Male: Characterized by a curved posterior end.
- Female: Usually shorter and more slender than the male.
- Fertilized eggs: Round-shaped, thick shell with an external mammillated layer.
- Classification: Phylum: Nematoda (Round worms). spp: Ascaris
-
Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm):
- Identification: Ancylostoma duodenale egg.
- Body: Cylindrical, head bent sharply backwards.
- Mouthparts: Two pairs of curved teeth on the wall of its buccal capsule.
- Males: Smaller than females and possess a bursa at the posterior end (copulatory bursa).
- Classification: Phylum: Nematoda (Round worms), spp: Ancylostoma duodenale.
Annelida (Leeches)
- Hirudo medicinalis:
- Identification: Medical leech.
- Body: Dark brown to black; bearing six longitudinal, reddish or brown stripes on its dorsal side.
- Ventral side: Speckled.
- Suckers: Posterior and anterior sucker.
- Classification: Phylum: ANNELIDA; Class: Hirudinea; spp: Leech
Arthropods (Venomous/Poisonous)
-
Scorpion:
- Anatomy:
- Cephalothorax
- Abdomen
- Tail (with stinger)
- Claws
- Legs
- Mouthparts
- Pincers
- Stinger: Contains two poisonous glands with independent ducts for venom delivery.
- Anatomy:
-
Scolopendra gigantea (Giant Centipede):
- Body: Long, worm-like, dorsoventrally flattened.
- Sections: Divided into a head and trunk.
- Legs: Olive-green with yellow claws.
- Size: Largest species of centipede, up to about 30cm in length.
- Identification: Species has alternating bands of black and yellow-gold in some varieties
Chordata
-
Branchiostoma (Amphioxus):
- Identification: Notochord and nerve cord lie dorsally throughout its life.
- Body: Bilaterally compressed.
- Shape: Fish-like, small marine animal with a protruded anterior rostrum.
- Classification: Phylum: CHORDATA; Subphylum: Cephalochordata; spp: Branchiostoma
-
Petromyzon marinus (Sea Lamprey):
- Identification: Circular mouth with no jaws.
- Body: Cylindrical, eel-like animals.
- Seven pairs of gills, each with an external gill slit.
- Classification: Phylum: CHORDATA; Subphylum: Vertebrata; Super class: Agnatha; class: Cyclostomata; spp: Petromyzon marinus
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