Protozoa and Flagellates Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the nucleus in histolytica?

  • Irregular and elongated
  • Biconcave
  • Cylindrical
  • Single and spherical (correct)

    • Which feature of the nucleus in histolytica is not noted in its description?

  • Compact chromatin structure
  • Presence of fine peripheral chromatin
  • Presence of a central karyosome
  • Multiple nuclei (correct)

    • How do trophozoites of histolytica move?

  • Flagella
  • Cilia
  • Pseudopodia (correct)
  • Passive diffusion

    • Which of the following characteristics is true regarding the nucleus of histolytica?

    <p>It has a fine peripheral chromatin and central karyosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the trophozoites of histolytica is false?

    <p>They are non-motile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of mature cysts of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Contains four nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes Giardia lamblia trophozoites?

    <p>They are binucleated and resemble a face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total flagella does Giardia lamblia possess?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of illness is primarily associated with Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Diarrheal illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which part of Giardia lamblia's structure do its flagella arise?

    <p>Kinetosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protozoa

    • Entamoeba histolytica (Trophozoites):

      • Identification: Presence of ingested red blood cells.
      • Nucleus: Single, spherical, with fine peripheral chromatin and a central karyosome.
      • Motility: Actively motile using pseudopodia.
      • Classification: Phylum: Sarcodina; spp: Entamoeba histolytica

    • Entamoeba histolytica (cysts):

      • Identification: Cytoplasm is granular and contains rod-like chromatid bars.
      • Nucleus: Mature cyst contains four nuclei (quadrinucleated cyst).
      • Cyst wall: Surrounded by a cyst wall.
      • No RBCs or food particles.
      • Classification: Phylum: Sarcodina; spp: Entamoeba histolytica

    Flagellates

    • Giardia lamblia (trophozoites):
      • Identification: Binucleated, resembling a face.
      • Flagella: Eight flagella (2 anterior, 2 posterior, 2 ventral, 2 caudal), arising from kinetosomes.
      • Adhesive disc: Ventral surface bears an adhesive disc for attachment to intestinal cells.
      • Disease: Diarrheal illness.
      • Classification: Phylum: Mastigophora=Flagellates. spp:: Giardia lamblia

    Kinetoplastida

    • Trypanosoma brucei:
      • Identification: Elongated body, streamlined, tapered shape.
      • Flagellum: Attached to the cell membrane forming an undulating membrane, arising from the basal body and running toward the anterior end.
      • Disease: Sleeping sickness.
      • Classification: Phylum: Mastigophora=Flagellates; spp: Trypanosoma brucei

    Sporozoa

    • Plasmodium malaria (malarial trophozoites):
      • Identification: Generally ring-shaped.
      • Classification: Phylum: Sporozoa; spp: Plasmodium malaria

    Platyhelminthes (Flukes)

    • Fasciola hepatica:

      • Identification: Leaf-shaped, pointed anteriorly, and wide posteriorly.
      • Oral sucker: Small but powerful, located at the top of a cone-shaped projection.
      • Larger ventral sucker: Larger than the oral sucker.
      • Anus: No anus.
      • Classification: Class: Trematode. spp: Fasciola Hepatica

    • Schistosoma:

      • Identification: Long groove called the gynecophoric canal where females are held.
      • Sexes: Females are longer than males.
      • Classification: Class: Trematode. spp: Schistosoma

    Platyhelminthes (Tapeworms)

    • Taenia solium:

      • Identification: Flatworm; can grow 2-6 meters in length.
      • Scolex: Four cup-like muscular suckers. Rostellum is armed with hooks in two circles.
      • Uterine branches: (7-13) uterine branches on one side.
      • Classification: Class: Cestode. spp: Taenia solium

    • Taenia saginata:

      • Identification: Flatworm; can grow 4-12 meters in length.
      • Scolex: Four cup-like muscular suckers, no hooks or rostellum.
      • Uterine branches: 15-30 uterine branches on one side (in gravid proglottids).
      • Classification: Class: Cestode. spp: Taenia saginata

    Nematoda (Roundworms)

    • Ascaris:

      • Identification: Fertilized egg, male and female.
      • Body: Long, cylindrical, fusiform (pointed at both ends).
      • Male: Characterized by a curved posterior end.
      • Female: Usually shorter and more slender than the male.
      • Fertilized eggs: Round-shaped, thick shell with an external mammillated layer.
      • Classification: Phylum: Nematoda (Round worms). spp: Ascaris

    • Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm):

      • Identification: Ancylostoma duodenale egg.
      • Body: Cylindrical, head bent sharply backwards.
      • Mouthparts: Two pairs of curved teeth on the wall of its buccal capsule.
      • Males: Smaller than females and possess a bursa at the posterior end (copulatory bursa).
      • Classification: Phylum: Nematoda (Round worms), spp: Ancylostoma duodenale.

    Annelida (Leeches)

    • Hirudo medicinalis:
      • Identification: Medical leech.
      • Body: Dark brown to black; bearing six longitudinal, reddish or brown stripes on its dorsal side.
      • Ventral side: Speckled.
      • Suckers: Posterior and anterior sucker.
      • Classification: Phylum: ANNELIDA; Class: Hirudinea; spp: Leech

    Arthropods (Venomous/Poisonous)

    • Scorpion:

      • Anatomy:
        • Cephalothorax
        • Abdomen
        • Tail (with stinger)
        • Claws
        • Legs
        • Mouthparts
        • Pincers
      • Stinger: Contains two poisonous glands with independent ducts for venom delivery.

    • Scolopendra gigantea (Giant Centipede):

      • Body: Long, worm-like, dorsoventrally flattened.
      • Sections: Divided into a head and trunk.
      • Legs: Olive-green with yellow claws.
      • Size: Largest species of centipede, up to about 30cm in length.
      • Identification: Species has alternating bands of black and yellow-gold in some varieties

    Chordata

    • Branchiostoma (Amphioxus):

      • Identification: Notochord and nerve cord lie dorsally throughout its life.
      • Body: Bilaterally compressed.
      • Shape: Fish-like, small marine animal with a protruded anterior rostrum.
      • Classification: Phylum: CHORDATA; Subphylum: Cephalochordata; spp: Branchiostoma

    • Petromyzon marinus (Sea Lamprey):

      • Identification: Circular mouth with no jaws.
      • Body: Cylindrical, eel-like animals.
      • Seven pairs of gills, each with an external gill slit.
      • Classification: Phylum: CHORDATA; Subphylum: Vertebrata; Super class: Agnatha; class: Cyclostomata; spp: Petromyzon marinus

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on protozoa, focusing on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. This quiz covers their identification features, motility, and classification. Challenge yourself to remember key characteristics of these important microorganisms.

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