week 3 reading content: conceptual knowledge.

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According to the prototype approach to categorization, how is membership in a category determined?

By comparing the object to the most unique member of the category

By comparing the object to a stereotype representing the category

By comparing the object to a prototype representing the category (correct)

By comparing the object to a random member of the category

What is a typical member of a category according to Eleanor Rosch?

A stereotype based on an average of commonly experienced members

A prototype based on a random member

A prototype based on an average of commonly experienced members (correct)

A prototype based on the most unique members

How does the prototype approach define a prototype?

As a random member of the category

As a stereotype representing the category

As a 'typical' member of the category (correct)

As the most unique member of the category

What does the prototype approach propose about membership in a category?

It is determined by comparing the object to a prototype representing the category Signup and view all the answers

Which level of categories, according to Eleanor Rosch, includes terms like 'furniture'?

Global level Signup and view all the answers

At which level of categories would 'table' be categorized according to Eleanor Rosch's research?

Basic level Signup and view all the answers

In Eleanor Rosch's research, what level of categories contains terms like 'kitchen table'?

Specific level Signup and view all the answers

According to Eleanor Rosch, what is the term used for the superordinate level of categories?

Global level Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the hierarchical model of memory developed by Ross Quillian?

Semantic network Signup and view all the answers

In the semantic network model, where are more specific concepts like 'canary' and 'salmon' positioned?

At the bottom level Signup and view all the answers

What type of model proposes that concepts are represented by activity distributed across a network?

Connectionism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the activity that spreads out along any link connected to an activated node in a semantic network?

Spreading activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the way of storing shared properties just once at a higher-level node in a hierarchical model?

Cognitive economy Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach to creating computer models for representing cognitive processes called?

Connectionism Signup and view all the answers

According to Ross Quillian's hierarchical model, where are more specific concepts positioned?

At the bottom Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the activity that spreads out along any link connected to an activated node in a semantic network?

Spreading activation Signup and view all the answers

How does representation in a connectionist network differ from a semantic network?

Information in a connectionist network is represented by the spread of activity across many links, while in a semantic network it is contained in the distributed pattern of activity across many units. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the operation of Collins and Quillian’s hierarchical network from a connectionist network?

In Collins and Quillian’s network, concepts and their properties are represented by activation of different nodes, while in a connectionist network they are contained in the spread of activity across many links. Signup and view all the answers

Why is representation in a connectionist network considered more complex compared to Collins and Quillian’s hierarchical network?

Because a connectionist network requires the spread of activity across many units for each concept, while Collins and Quillian’s network only involves activation of different nodes for each concept. Signup and view all the answers

How does representation in a connectionist network relate to what happens in the brain?

Representation in a connectionist network is exactly like what happens in the brain, involving the spread of activity across many units for each concept. Signup and view all the answers

How does connectionist networks explain the generalization of learning?

By recognizing similar patterns in concepts and using that information to predict properties of related concepts Signup and view all the answers

How do connectionist networks explain the generalization of learning?

By demonstrating that similar concepts have similar patterns, enabling recognition of related concepts Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the representation in a connectionist network from a semantic network?

In connectionist networks, concepts are represented by activity distributed across a network, whereas in semantic networks, concepts are linked in a hierarchical structure Signup and view all the answers

What did the philosopher Wittgenstein propose to deal with the fact that definitions do not include all members of a category?

The idea of family resemblances Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe how well an object resembles the prototype of a particular category?

Prototypicality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of high-prototypical objects?

They have high family resemblance Signup and view all the answers

What is an actual member of a category that a person has encountered in the past, used in the exemplar approach to categorization?

Exemplar Signup and view all the answers

What does the prototypical approach to categorization propose about deciding whether an object belongs to a category?

By deciding whether it is similar to a standard representative of the category Signup and view all the answers

Which approach involves determining whether an object is similar to an exemplar, an actual member of a category that a person has encountered in the past?

The exemplar approach to categorization Signup and view all the answers

Which approach proposes that concepts are arranged in networks and represented by a distributed activation of units?

The connectionist approach Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the Collins and Quillian model from the connectionist network model?

Adjusting the weights of units Signup and view all the answers

In Eleanor Rosch's research, which level of categories reflects people’s everyday experience?