17 Questions
What is a common manifestation of hyperinsulinemia in infants born to diabetic mothers?
Large body size
Which of the following can result from an exuberant insulin release in hypoglycemic infants?
Rebound hypoglycemia
What hormone surge is subnormal in infants immediately after birth?
Glucagon
What is a potential consequence of excessive sympathetic activity in hypoglycemic infants?
Adrenomedullary exhaustion
What is the main cause of hypoglycemia associated with endocrine deficiency?
Adrenal cortisol insufficiency
Which clinical manifestation might hint at primary adrenal insufficiency?
Weakness or salt craving
In newborns with hypopituitarism, what might be an additional clinical presentation besides hypoglycemia?
Hepatitis and cholestasis
What is a possible cause of hypoglycemia in cortisol-GH deficiency?
Decreased gluconeogenic enzymes with cortisol deficiency
Which of the following is a characteristic of Addison's Disease?
Defect in the adrenal receptor for ACTH
How do counter-regulatory hormones influence glucose levels during a hypoglycemic episode?
By raising blood glucose levels
What is the central role of glucose in fuel economy?
Provides 38 mol of ATP per mole of glucose oxidized
Why does deficiency of brain glucose transporters result in seizures?
Low cerebral CSF glucose concentrations
Which hormones increase blood glucose concentrations by activating glycogenolytic enzymes?
Epinephrine and glucagon
What clinical features are generally associated with hypoglycemia due to decreased cerebral glucose utilization?
Symptoms from cerebral glucopenia
Which hormones inhibit glucose uptake by muscles during hypoglycemia?
Epinephrine and growth hormone
What hormone activates lipolysis during hypoglycemia?
Epinephrine
Why do patients with cerebral glucopenia experience symptoms during hypoglycemia?
Caused by decreased glucose utilization in the brain
Test your knowledge on the recommended treatment options and management strategies for Protoporphyria, a rare genetic disorder. Learn about medications like Lumitene, oral supplements, vaccines, and the possibility of liver and bone marrow transplantations. Understand the long-term outlook for patients with Protoporphyria.
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