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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic feature of Giardia intestinalis?
What is a characteristic feature of Giardia intestinalis?
- It survives exclusively in oxygen-rich environments.
- It can only reproduce in human hosts.
- It possesses a single nucleus.
- It has four flagella on each side. (correct)
Which symptom is not typically associated with giardiasis?
Which symptom is not typically associated with giardiasis?
- Rash development (correct)
- Stomach cramps
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
How long can Giardia cysts survive in cold water?
How long can Giardia cysts survive in cold water?
- Up to one week
- One month
- Three months (correct)
- Indefinitely
Which of the following groups is most at risk for Giardia infections?
Which of the following groups is most at risk for Giardia infections?
What method is primarily used to diagnose giardiasis?
What method is primarily used to diagnose giardiasis?
What is the nature of infections caused by Giardia intestinalis in most cases?
What is the nature of infections caused by Giardia intestinalis in most cases?
Which statement about Giardia and its environment is true?
Which statement about Giardia and its environment is true?
Why might lactose intolerance occur in individuals with giardiasis?
Why might lactose intolerance occur in individuals with giardiasis?
What makes the nuclei of Giardia intestinalis prominent?
What makes the nuclei of Giardia intestinalis prominent?
What is a key feature of Diplomonads like Giardia?
What is a key feature of Diplomonads like Giardia?
What is the primary method of infection for Cryptosporidium spp.?
What is the primary method of infection for Cryptosporidium spp.?
Which symptom is not commonly associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection?
Which symptom is not commonly associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection?
What is the minimum time frame for symptoms to appear after consuming contaminated water with Cryptosporidium spp.?
What is the minimum time frame for symptoms to appear after consuming contaminated water with Cryptosporidium spp.?
Which method is NOT used for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. infection?
Which method is NOT used for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. infection?
Which statement about Entamoeba histolytica is true?
Which statement about Entamoeba histolytica is true?
Which symptom is a hallmark of amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
Which symptom is a hallmark of amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
Why are swimming pools sometimes shut down in relation to Cryptosporidium spp. infections?
Why are swimming pools sometimes shut down in relation to Cryptosporidium spp. infections?
How can Entamoeba histolytica be distinguished from the non-pathogenic Entamoeba coli?
How can Entamoeba histolytica be distinguished from the non-pathogenic Entamoeba coli?
What is the common timeframe for symptoms to develop after infection with Entamoeba histolytica?
What is the common timeframe for symptoms to develop after infection with Entamoeba histolytica?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of Cryptosporidium infection in immuno-compromised patients?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of Cryptosporidium infection in immuno-compromised patients?
Giardia intestinalis can survive in cold water for up to six months.
Giardia intestinalis can survive in cold water for up to six months.
Giardia intestinalis has two equal-sized nuclei and four flagella.
Giardia intestinalis has two equal-sized nuclei and four flagella.
Infections caused by Giardia intestinalis are rarely asymptomatic.
Infections caused by Giardia intestinalis are rarely asymptomatic.
The symptom of lactose intolerance associated with giardiasis is usually permanent.
The symptom of lactose intolerance associated with giardiasis is usually permanent.
Campers and hikers are at high risk for Giardia infections due to drinking untreated water.
Campers and hikers are at high risk for Giardia infections due to drinking untreated water.
Symptoms of giardiasis can arise immediately after exposure to contaminated water.
Symptoms of giardiasis can arise immediately after exposure to contaminated water.
Giardia intestinalis is classified under the supergroup Amoebozoa.
Giardia intestinalis is classified under the supergroup Amoebozoa.
Trophozoites and cysts are examined in stool samples for diagnosing giardiasis.
Trophozoites and cysts are examined in stool samples for diagnosing giardiasis.
Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasite in the world.
Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasite in the world.
Cysts of Giardia are shed in the feces of both infected vertebrates and humans.
Cysts of Giardia are shed in the feces of both infected vertebrates and humans.
Cryptosporidium spp. is highly sensitive to chlorine and does not survive long in contaminated water.
Cryptosporidium spp. is highly sensitive to chlorine and does not survive long in contaminated water.
Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis can appear within 2 to 10 days after consuming contaminated water.
Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis can appear within 2 to 10 days after consuming contaminated water.
Amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is characterized by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and fever.
Amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica is characterized by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and fever.
Entamoeba coli is a pathogenic amoeba found in the human GI tract.
Entamoeba coli is a pathogenic amoeba found in the human GI tract.
Symptoms of amebiasis may take longer than two weeks to develop after infection.
Symptoms of amebiasis may take longer than two weeks to develop after infection.
Healthy individuals who consume contaminated water are likely to experience severe symptoms from Cryptosporidium spp. infection.
Healthy individuals who consume contaminated water are likely to experience severe symptoms from Cryptosporidium spp. infection.
Proper diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis involves checking for E.histolytica cysts in the patient's stool samples.
Proper diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis involves checking for E.histolytica cysts in the patient's stool samples.
An acid fast stain can be used to examine stool samples for Cryptosporidium spp. cysts.
An acid fast stain can be used to examine stool samples for Cryptosporidium spp. cysts.
The primary symptom of cryptosporidiosis is abdominal pain, along with other gastrointestinal symptoms.
The primary symptom of cryptosporidiosis is abdominal pain, along with other gastrointestinal symptoms.
Cryptosporidium infection typically presents with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.
Cryptosporidium infection typically presents with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.
Flashcards
Cryptosporidium spp. infection
Cryptosporidium spp. infection
A parasitic infection caused by Cryptosporidium cysts, often spread through contaminated water, causing diarrhea and other GI symptoms.
Cryptosporidium cyst
Cryptosporidium cyst
A resistant stage of the Cryptosporidium parasite that can survive in water for several days to weeks.
Cryptosporidiosis symptoms
Cryptosporidiosis symptoms
Watery diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss, and dehydration. Symptoms can appear within 2-10 days of infection.
Amebiasis
Amebiasis
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Amebiasis symptoms
Amebiasis symptoms
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Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica
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Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli
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Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium
Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium
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Diagnosis of Amebiasis
Diagnosis of Amebiasis
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Fecally-contaminated water
Fecally-contaminated water
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Giardia intestinalis
Giardia intestinalis
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Giardiasis
Giardiasis
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Cysts
Cysts
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Trophozoites
Trophozoites
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Contaminated water
Contaminated water
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Symptoms
Symptoms
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Diplomonads
Diplomonads
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Human Infection
Human Infection
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Lactose intolerance (Temporary)
Lactose intolerance (Temporary)
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis
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Symptoms of Giardiasis
Symptoms of Giardiasis
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Diagnosis of Giardiasis
Diagnosis of Giardiasis
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How is Giardiasis Spread?
How is Giardiasis Spread?
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Prevention of Giardiasis
Prevention of Giardiasis
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Cryptosporidium spp.
Cryptosporidium spp.
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Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis
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Amebic dysentery
Amebic dysentery
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Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis
Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis
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Study Notes
Protistan GI Infections
- Protist infections impacting the GI tract are often transmitted via fecally-contaminated water.
- Several supergroups of protozoa cause GI distress, including Apicomplexans, Amoebozoans, and Excavata (Diplomonads).
Cryptosporidium spp. (Apicomplexan)
- Transmission: Consuming water contaminated with Cryptosporidium cysts.
- Cyst survival: Cysts can persist in water for days to weeks.
- Infection sources: Commonly found in water parks, municipal water systems.
- Resistance: Resistant to chlorine.
- Symptoms: Watery diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, weight loss, dehydration (2-10 days post-infection).
- Severity: More severe in immunocompromised individuals.
- Diagnosis: Stool examination for cysts (acid-fast stain) or antigens (ELISA).
Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebozoan)
- Transmission: Ingestion of cysts from contaminated water or soil.
- Cyst survival: Cysts can survive in soil or water for several weeks to months.
- Symptoms: Loose stool, abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue (mild); severe infections (amoebic dysentery) include bloody diarrhea and fever (1-2 weeks, but can take longer post-infection).
- Typical Infections: 10-20% express typical symptoms.
- Diagnosis: Microscopical analysis of stool samples for trophozoites (ingested red blood cells); distinguish E. histolytica from non-pathogenic Entamoeba coli.
Giardia intestinalis (Excavata, Diplomonad)
- Transmission: Ingestion of Giardia cysts shed in the feces of infected animals from contaminated water (often from natural water sources).
- Cyst Survival: Cysts can survive in cold water for up to three months.
- Symptoms: Loss of appetite, diarrhea, stomach cramps, upset, projectile vomiting, excessive gas, lactose intolerance (1-3 weeks post-exposure).
- Prevalence: Common intestinal parasite in the US, often asymptomatic.
- Diagnosis: Stool examination for trophozoites and cysts.
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