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Questions and Answers
Shape: Pear-shape, teardrop
Motility: Falling leaf
Nuclei: Two ovoid-shaped, each with a large karyosome
Flagella: Four pairs, origination of each: One pair, anterior end One pair, posterior end Two pair, central, extending laterally
Other structures: Two median bodies Two axonemes Sucking disk
Appearance: Bilaterally symmetrical
Shape: Pear-shape, teardrop Motility: Falling leaf Nuclei: Two ovoid-shaped, each with a large karyosome Flagella: Four pairs, origination of each: One pair, anterior end One pair, posterior end Two pair, central, extending laterally Other structures: Two median bodies Two axonemes Sucking disk Appearance: Bilaterally symmetrical
Shape: Pear-shape
Motility: Stiff, rotary, directional
Nuclei: One with small central or eccentric karyosome No peripheral chromatin
Flagella: Four: Three extending from anterior end One extending posteriorly from cytostome region
Other structures: Prominent cytostome extending 1/3 to 1/2 body length Spiral groove
Shape: Pear-shape Motility: Stiff, rotary, directional Nuclei: One with small central or eccentric karyosome No peripheral chromatin Flagella: Four: Three extending from anterior end One extending posteriorly from cytostome region Other structures: Prominent cytostome extending 1/3 to 1/2 body length Spiral groove
Shape: Irregularly round
Motility: Progressive, broad hyaline pseudopodia
Nuclei: Number of nuclei: Two, each consisting of massed clumps of four to eight chromatin granules No peripheral chromatin
Flagella: Four: x
Other structures: Cytoplasm: Bacteria-filled vacuoles common
Shape: Irregularly round Motility: Progressive, broad hyaline pseudopodia Nuclei: Number of nuclei: Two, each consisting of massed clumps of four to eight chromatin granules No peripheral chromatin Flagella: Four: x Other structures: Cytoplasm: Bacteria-filled vacuoles common
Shape: Pear-shaped
Motility: Nervous, jerky
Nuclei: One, with a small central karyosome No peripheral chromatin
Flagella: Four: Three to five anterior One posterior extending from the posterior end of the undulating membrane
Other structures: Axostyle that extends beyond the posterior Full body length undulating membrane Conical cytostome cleft in anterior region ventrally located opposite the undulating membrane
Shape: Pear-shaped Motility: Nervous, jerky Nuclei: One, with a small central karyosome No peripheral chromatin Flagella: Four: Three to five anterior One posterior extending from the posterior end of the undulating membrane Other structures: Axostyle that extends beyond the posterior Full body length undulating membrane Conical cytostome cleft in anterior region ventrally located opposite the undulating membrane
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Shape: Oval; sometimes half-circle
Motility: Jerky
Nuclei: One with central karyosome No peripheral chromatin
Flagella: Four total: Three directed anteriorly One directed posteriorly
Other structures: None
Shape: Oval; sometimes half-circle Motility: Jerky Nuclei: One with central karyosome No peripheral chromatin Flagella: Four total: Three directed anteriorly One directed posteriorly Other structures: None
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Shape: Ovoid
Motility: Jerky
Nuclei: One, with small central karyosome Ring of chromatin granules maybe on nuclear membrane
Flagella: Two; anterior
Other structures: Cytostome extending halfway down body length with well-defined fibril border opposite the nucleus in the anterior end
Shape: Ovoid Motility: Jerky Nuclei: One, with small central karyosome Ring of chromatin granules maybe on nuclear membrane Flagella: Two; anterior Other structures: Cytostome extending halfway down body length with well-defined fibril border opposite the nucleus in the anterior end
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Shape: Oval, pear-shaped
Motility: x
Nuclei: One, ovoid nucleus; consists of vesicular region filled with chromatin granules
Flagella: Five total, all originating anteriorly: Four extend anteriorly One extends posteriorly
Other structures: Undulating membrane extending two thirds of body length with accompanying costa Thich axostyle curves around; extends beyond body length
Shape: Oval, pear-shaped Motility: x Nuclei: One, ovoid nucleus; consists of vesicular region filled with chromatin granules Flagella: Five total, all originating anteriorly: Four extend anteriorly One extends posteriorly Other structures: Undulating membrane extending two thirds of body length with accompanying costa Thich axostyle curves around; extends beyond body length
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Shape: Ovoid, round or pear-shaped
Motility: Rapid, jerky
Nuclei: Rapid, jerky
Flagella: All originating anteriorly: Three to five extending One extending posteriorly
Other structures: Undulating membrane extending half of body length Prominent axostyle that often curves and around; granules may be seen along axostyle
Shape: Ovoid, round or pear-shaped Motility: Rapid, jerky Nuclei: Rapid, jerky Flagella: All originating anteriorly: Three to five extending One extending posteriorly Other structures: Undulating membrane extending half of body length Prominent axostyle that often curves and around; granules may be seen along axostyle
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Shape: Ovoid
Nuclei: Immature cyst, two Mature cyst, four Central karyosomes No peripheral chromatin
Other structures: Median bodies: two in immature cyst or four in fully mature cyst Interior flagellar structures* Cytoplasm (Retracted from cell wall)
Shape: Ovoid Nuclei: Immature cyst, two Mature cyst, four Central karyosomes No peripheral chromatin Other structures: Median bodies: two in immature cyst or four in fully mature cyst Interior flagellar structures* Cytoplasm (Retracted from cell wall)
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Shape: Lemon-shaped, with a clear hyaline knob extending from the anterior end
Nuclei: One, with large central karyosome No peripheral chromatin
Other structures: Well-defined cytostome located on one side of the nucleus
Shape: Lemon-shaped, with a clear hyaline knob extending from the anterior end Nuclei: One, with large central karyosome No peripheral chromatin Other structures: Well-defined cytostome located on one side of the nucleus
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Shape: Oval, elongated
Nuclei: One to four Binucleated and quadrinucleated nuclei located at opposite ends Central karyosome No peripheral chromatin
Other structures: x
Shape: Oval, elongated Nuclei: One to four Binucleated and quadrinucleated nuclei located at opposite ends Central karyosome No peripheral chromatin Other structures: x
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Shape: Lemon-shaped, pear-shaped
Nuclei: One, located in anterior-central region with central karyosome May be surrounded by a delicate ring of chromatin granules
Other structures: Two fused fibrils resembling a bird’s break in the anterior nuclear region, only visible in stained preparations
Shape: Lemon-shaped, pear-shaped Nuclei: One, located in anterior-central region with central karyosome May be surrounded by a delicate ring of chromatin granules Other structures: Two fused fibrils resembling a bird’s break in the anterior nuclear region, only visible in stained preparations
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Study Notes
Morphology and Motility
- Pear-shape and teardrop shape are common, with bilateral symmetry
- Motility patterns include falling leaf, stiff rotary, progressive, and jerky movements
Nuclei
- Number of nuclei varies: 1, 2, or 4
- Nuclei can be ovoid-shaped, with a large karyosome or central karyosome
- Peripheral chromatin may be absent or present
- Chromatin granules can be massed or arranged in a ring on the nuclear membrane
Flagella
- Number of flagella varies: 2, 4, or 5
- Flagella can originate from anterior, posterior, or central regions
- Flagella can extend in different directions: anteriorly, posteriorly, or laterally
Other Structures
- Median bodies can be present, with 2 or 4 in different stages
- Axonemes and sucking disks are present in some species
- Cytostome can be prominent, extending up to half of the body length
- Undulating membrane and costa can be present, extending up to two-thirds of the body length
- Axostyle can be thick, curving, and extending beyond the body length
- Fibril border and bird's beak-like structures can be present in the anterior region
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Description
Test your knowledge of protist morphology by identifying the characteristics of a specific protist cell, including its shape, motility, nuclei, and flagella. Learn about the unique features of protist cells and their structures. Identify the different parts of a protist cell and understand their functions.
