Proteolytic Enzymes and Herniated Discs

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is known for breaking down hydrogen peroxide?

Peroxidase (correct)

Thrombin

Invertase

Amylase

What type of enzyme is thrombin classified as?

Coagulation factor (correct)

Carbohydrase

Oxidative enzyme

Hydrolase

Where are carbohydrases primarily produced in the human body?

Muscles and skin

Salivary glands and pancreas (correct)

Liver and kidneys

Intestines and stomach

Which enzyme is specifically known for breaking down sucrose?

Invertase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase?

Convert starch into sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological role of thrombin?

Convert fibrinogen to fibrin Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions do carbohydrases primarily catalyze?

Hydrolysis of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is NOT considered an oxidative enzyme?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary application of proteases in medicine?

To speed up wound healing Signup and view all the answers

What function does lactase serve for individuals with lactose intolerance?

It prevents abdominal discomfort Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily used in the food industry for milk coagulation to make cheese?

Rennin Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose is zymase used in the alcohol industry?

To facilitate the fermentation of carbohydrates into ethanol Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is NOT commonly used in detergents to help break down stains?

Lactase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of injecting chymopapain into the nucleus pulposus?

To hydrolyze noncollagenous polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

Which proteolytic enzyme is primarily used for wound debridement and digests soft necrotic tissue?

Sutilains Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rennin in the digestive process?

To curdle milk by transforming caseinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is known for its use in treating pulmonary embolism and converting plasminogen to plasmin?

Streptokinase Signup and view all the answers

Erepsin is primarily involved in which of the following processes?

Converting proteoses and peptones into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of urokinase in medical treatment?

Restoring the patency of intravenous catheters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of oxidizing enzymes?

They catalyze oxidation reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of trypsin, as described in the content?

It assists in digestion by speeding up biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Zymase?

To catalyze glycolysis and fermentation of sugars Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is associated with the hydrolysis of glucoside sinigrin?

Myrosin Signup and view all the answers

What specific role does Amylglucosidase play in enzymatic processes?

Produces dextrose from starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Pectinase in food processing?

To clarify fruit juices and wines Signup and view all the answers

How does Hyaluronidase function in medical applications?

It catalyzes the breakdown of hyaluronic acid Signup and view all the answers

What enzymatic process is associated with Lipase?

Hydrolysis of fats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the transformation of pectin in ripening fruits?

Pectase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is commonly used as a natural pesticide by attacking various pathogens?

Myrosin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of urease obtained from soybeans?

Converts urea to ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is most commonly associated with treating severe burns or skin ulcers?

Collagenase Signup and view all the answers

L-asparaginase is primarily used in the treatment of which medical condition?

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What role does lipoxygenase play in commercial food production?

Whiten flour in bread making Signup and view all the answers

How are enzymes relevant to diagnostic tests in medicine?

They can indicate liver injury when leaked into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is a therapeutic application of enzymes related to blood coagulation?

To replace enzyme deficiencies in patients Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is used in food manufacturing to decrease acrylamide levels?

L-asparaginase Signup and view all the answers

In which industry has the application of enzymes significantly evolved?

Food Production Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chymopapain and Its Uses

Chymopapain is utilized for treating herniated lumbar intervertebral discs via injection into the nucleus pulposus.
It hydrolyzes noncollagenous polypeptides, aiding in the structural integrity of chondromucoprotein.
Reduces lower back pain by diminishing osmotic activity, leading to decreased fluid absorption and lower intradiscal pressure.

Proteolytic Enzymes Overview

Proteolytic enzymes facilitate the digestion and breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

Specific Proteolytic Enzymes

Trypsin:
- Found in the small intestine, aids digestion.
- Commercially derived from livestock pancreas; also present in fungi and bacteria.
- Used for wound debridement.
Sutilains:
- Derived from Bacillus subtilis, used for wound debridement by digesting soft necrotic tissue.
Rennin:
- Coagulating enzyme found in animal stomachs.
- Curdles milk by converting caseinogen to insoluble casein; important in cheesemaking.
Erepsin:
- Present in intestinal juice; converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids.
Streptokinase:
- Produced by group C beta-hemolytic streptococci.
- Converts plasminogen to plasmin, aiding in clot degradation.
- Utilized in treating pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and coronary artery thrombosis.
Urokinase:
- Employed for treating blood clots within the cardiovascular system, excluding coronary and cerebral thrombosis.

Oxidizing Enzymes

Catalyze oxidation reactions, essential for ATP production.
Peroxidase:
- Common in plants, responsible for oxidative reactions causing bruised fruits' discoloration; breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
Thrombin:
- Known as coagulation factor II; plays a key role in hemostasis and blood coagulation by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

Carbohydrase/Amyloytic Enzymes

Enzymes that transform carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Amylase:
- Found in salivary glands, aids in the digestion of pre-cooked foods.
Invertase:
- Found in yeast and intestinal juice; hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Zymase:
- Enzyme complex that catalyzes glycolysis; converts glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide in fermentation.
Cellulase:
- Works on coffee concentrate preparation and increases enzyme efficiency in food production.

Esterases

Enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of ester groups, releasing esterified acids.
Lipase:
- Breaks down fats into glycerin and fatty acids, contributes to cheese flavor production.
Pectase:
- Involved in ripening fruits by transforming pectin into a soluble form.

Additional Enzymes

Collagenase:
- Breaks down collagen in animal tissues; used to treat severe burns and skin ulcers.
L-Asparaginase:
- Treats acute lymphoblastic leukemia; also used in food production to reduce acrylamide.
Lipoxygenase:
- Used in food production to whiten bread.

Enzyme Applications

Medicine:
- Enzymes aid in analytical tests for glucose levels in diabetics and diagnose diseases via enzyme leakage into the bloodstream.
- Used therapeutically to supplement enzyme deficiencies, clear wounds, and assist in drug manufacture.
Industrial Uses:
- Enzymes like rennin, cellulase, and amylase enhance food processing and improve product quality.
- Utilized in detergents to break down stains, and in biofuel production to convert cellulose to glucose.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the use of chymopapain in treating herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. It explores how proteolytic enzymes like trypsin are utilized to relieve lower back pain by reducing intradiscal pressure. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and examples of these enzymes.