Proteoglycans in Cell Surface and ECM

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of proteoglycans in the ECM?

Act as tissue organizers

How are glycosaminoglycans attached to proteoglycans?

Covalently to a SGxG consensus motif within the protein

What are the two major families of membrane attached proteoglycans?

Syndecans and Glypicans

How do Syndecans attach to the membrane?

<p>Via a single transmembrane domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Glypicans anchored to the membrane?

<p>Via a GPI anchor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process allows cells to change their surface features quickly?

<p>Proteoglycan shedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological role of Heparin?

<p>The physiological role of Heparin is unclear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of Heparin that contributes to its extended rod-like helical conformation?

<p>The negatively charged groups (SO4 and COO-) repel one another, leading to the extended rod-like helical conformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells?

<p>The Glycocalyx serves as an information-rich carbohydrate layer extending from the cell surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans, and Glycosphingolipids.

<p>Glycoproteins are proteins modified by oligosaccharides, Proteoglycans have glycosaminoglycans attached to a 'core protein,' and Glycosphingolipids have oligosaccharides attached to sphingosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of Proteoglycans and how they are attached to proteins.

<p>Proteoglycans have glycosaminoglycans attached to a 'core protein.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Syndecans and Glypicans?

<p>Syndecans and Glypicans are membrane-attached proteoglycans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aggrecan core protein in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Contributing to tensile strength and resilience of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are proteoglycan aggregates bound to hyaluronate?

<p>Via linker proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Binding heparan sulfate, collagen, and integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins interact with the extracellular matrix?

<p>By linking to the cytoskeleton of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of mammalian proteins are glycosylated?

<p>About half</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are O-linked saccharides connected to proteins?

<p>By connecting the anomeric carbon to the -OH of Ser or Thr</p> Signup and view all the answers

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