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Proteoglycans in Cell Surface and ECM

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of proteoglycans in the ECM?

Act as tissue organizers

How are glycosaminoglycans attached to proteoglycans?

Covalently to a SGxG consensus motif within the protein

What are the two major families of membrane attached proteoglycans?

Syndecans and Glypicans

How do Syndecans attach to the membrane?

Via a single transmembrane domain Signup and view all the answers

How are Glypicans anchored to the membrane?

Via a GPI anchor Signup and view all the answers

What process allows cells to change their surface features quickly?

Proteoglycan shedding Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological role of Heparin?

The physiological role of Heparin is unclear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of Heparin that contributes to its extended rod-like helical conformation?

The negatively charged groups (SO4 and COO-) repel one another, leading to the extended rod-like helical conformation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells?

The Glycocalyx serves as an information-rich carbohydrate layer extending from the cell surface. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans, and Glycosphingolipids.

Glycoproteins are proteins modified by oligosaccharides, Proteoglycans have glycosaminoglycans attached to a 'core protein,' and Glycosphingolipids have oligosaccharides attached to sphingosine. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of Proteoglycans and how they are attached to proteins.

Proteoglycans have glycosaminoglycans attached to a 'core protein.' Signup and view all the answers

What are Syndecans and Glypicans?

Syndecans and Glypicans are membrane-attached proteoglycans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aggrecan core protein in the extracellular matrix?

Contributing to tensile strength and resilience of connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

How are proteoglycan aggregates bound to hyaluronate?

Via linker proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix?

Binding heparan sulfate, collagen, and integrins Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins interact with the extracellular matrix?

By linking to the cytoskeleton of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of mammalian proteins are glycosylated?

About half Signup and view all the answers

How are O-linked saccharides connected to proteins?

By connecting the anomeric carbon to the -OH of Ser or Thr Signup and view all the answers