Proteins: Functions, Structure, and Classification
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Questions and Answers

Milo of Croton, an ancient Greek Olympian wrestler, reportedly consumed about 10 pounds of meat daily.

False

Only animal foods are sources of protein.

False

Proteins are chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates due to the presence of nitrogen atoms.

False

Plants, animals, and bacteria contain only a few proteins.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein is the most valuable nutrient to your health.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some nutrients can work independently in your body.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of proteins in the body is to provide energy.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meat is the only rich source of protein.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are more than 500,000 different proteins in the human body

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are only responsible for muscle development and maintenance

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All neurotransmitters are proteins

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are the primary source of energy for the body

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Edema occurs when the level of protein in blood increases

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins help maintain a pH of 6.5 to 7.0 in body fluids

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Keratin is a contractile protein found in muscles

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Albumin is a type of enzyme

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulin and glucagon are two examples of proteins that function as neurotransmitters

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins play a role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by drawing fluid out of the bloodstream and into tissues

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human body can synthesize all 20 amino acids necessary for protein production.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids can act as buffers to maintain the normal pH of a solution.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The R group is the same for all amino acids.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The carbon skeleton of an amino acid is formed when the R group is removed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taurine is an essential amino acid for humans.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arginine is a nonessential amino acid.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cysteine is always an essential amino acid.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taurine has been scientifically proven to provide additional performance-related benefits for athletes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glutamine is an essential amino acid.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human liver can synthesize taurine in large amounts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What Are Proteins?

  • Proteins are complex organic molecules that are chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates, but they contain nitrogen, an element cells need to make important biological compounds.
  • Proteins are the only macronutrient that contains nitrogen.
  • Plants, animals, bacteria, and even viruses contain hundreds of proteins.

Functions of Proteins in the Body

  • Proteins are necessary for muscle development and maintenance.
  • Proteins have a wide variety of functions, including:
    • Making or functioning as new cells and many components of cells
    • Structures such as hair and nails
    • Enzymes
    • Lubricants
    • Clotting compounds
    • Antibodies
    • Compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance
    • Certain hormones and neurotransmitters
    • Energy source (minor, under usual conditions)
  • Proteins are necessary for blood to clot properly.
  • Proteins in the bloodstream transport nutrients and oxygen.
  • Proteins help maintain the proper distribution of fluids in blood and body tissues.

Amino Acids

  • Proteins are composed of smaller chemical units called amino acids.
  • The human body contains proteins made from 20 different amino acids.
  • Each amino acid has a carbon atom that anchors a hydrogen atom and three different groups of atoms: the amino or nitrogen-containing group, the R group, and the acid group.

Classification of Amino Acids

  • Nutritionists classify amino acids as either nonessential or essential according to the body's ability to make them.
  • Nonessential amino acids are those that the body can make.
  • Essential amino acids are those that must be supplied by foods because the body cannot synthesize them or make enough to meet its needs.
  • There are 9 essential amino acids and 11 nonessential amino acids.
  • Some nonessential amino acids are "conditionally essential," which means they become essential in certain situations.

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Description

Learn about the primary functions of proteins in the body, their basic structural unit, and how to classify amino acids as essential or nonessential.

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