58 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a type of protein that has been discussed so far in this course?
Viral proteins
Which of the following is the primary function of structural proteins?
To provide support and shape to cells and tissues
What is the role of signaling proteins in biological processes?
To regulate gene expression and control cellular activities
Which of the following correctly describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in DNA and RNA?
Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
Which of the following correctly describes the information carried by a DNA molecule?
The order of the bases in the molecule
Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the lecture outline provided?
Cellular respiration
Why is the interaction between adenine and cytosine in a mutated DNA sequence considered unstable?
Because adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds, not three.
Which of the following is not a true statement about RNA processing?
The primary transcript is often shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.
What is the reason for the instability of an A-C base pair in a mutated DNA sequence?
Adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds, not three.
Which of the following is not a true statement about the processing of RNA molecules?
The final RNA molecule is always shorter than the primary transcript.
Why is the A-C base pair in a mutated DNA sequence considered unstable?
Adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
What is the role of ribosomes in translation?
Catalyzing protein synthesis
Why is it important for mRNA to have a 5' cap and a polyA tail?
To prevent degradation of mRNA
Which of the following provides a template for ordering nucleotides in an RNA transcript during transcription?
Template DNA strand
Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
How many types of RNA are involved in the process of protein synthesis?
Three
Which direction are mRNA base triplets (codons) read during translation?
5' to 3'
What is the primary role of RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells?
To remove introns and join exons to form mature mRNA
In prokaryotes, what is the relationship between the primary transcript and mRNA?
The primary transcript is identical to the mRNA, and no processing is required
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic gene expression is correct?
About 90% of human genes contain at least one intron that is removed by RNA splicing
What is the primary function of the 5' cap added to the eukaryotic primary transcript?
To facilitate the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is the purpose of polyadenylation in eukaryotic RNA processing?
To protect the mRNA from degradation by exonucleases
Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of translation?
Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain using ribosomes
What is the primary role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in translation?
To attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule
What is the significance of the wobble hypothesis proposed by Crick?
It explains how a single tRNA can recognize multiple codons, increasing the efficiency of translation
Which of the following statements about ribosome structure is correct?
The ribosome contains three sites (A, P, and E) that accommodate tRNAs during translation
What is the primary function of the P site in the ribosome during translation?
To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
Which of the following statements about tRNAs is correct?
tRNAs bind to the ribosome through their anticodon sequence
What is the primary role of the E site in the ribosome during translation?
To facilitate the release of uncharged tRNAs from the ribosome
Adenine in DNA pairs with uracil in RNA.
False
The information carried by a DNA molecule is in the sugars and phosphates forming its backbone.
False
Transcription is the process of translating RNA into proteins.
False
RNA Processing occurs before Transcription in the central dogma of molecular biology.
False
The wobble hypothesis primarily focuses on the structure of DNA molecules.
False
Ribosomes are responsible for RNA Processing in eukaryotic cells.
False
An intron is a part of the mRNA molecule that takes part in polypeptide synthesis.
False
RNA polymerase starts transcribing a gene at a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
True
In prokaryotes, the primary transcript is always identical to the mRNA molecule that is translated by ribosomes.
True
The ribosome directs RNA polymerase to the correct portion of the DNA molecule to start transcription.
False
RNA polymerase starts transcribing a gene at the AUG start codon.
False
Eukaryotic primary transcripts do not undergo any modifications before being translated into proteins.
False
TRNA acts to translate the message from RNA polymerase to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
False
RNA splicing is the process of removing exons from the primary transcript and leaving the introns intact.
False
The addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail to the eukaryotic primary transcript is necessary for the stability and efficient translation of the mRNA.
True
Approximately 10% of human genes contain at least one intron that needs to be spliced out during RNA processing.
False
In eukaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation occur within the same cellular compartment.
False
An intron is an RNA sequence that remains in the mature, translated mRNA after splicing.
False
Alternative RNA splicing enables a single gene to code for multiple distinct protein products.
True
The 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA transcripts protects the mRNA from degradation and facilitates ribosome binding during translation.
True
The poly(A) tail, consisting of 100-250 adenine nucleotides, is added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts to facilitate translation termination.
False
Mature mRNA transcripts in eukaryotes lack any untranslated regions (UTRs).
False
$2x^2 + 3x - 5 = 0$ has two distinct real roots.
True
Introns are removed from the primary transcript before the mature mRNA leaves the nucleus during RNA processing.
True
During RNA processing, exons are the sequences that are retained and assembled to form the mature mRNA.
True
The addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail to the primary transcript occurs in prokaryotes.
False
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that can participate in the splicing of introns from the primary transcript.
True
In a mutated DNA sequence, an adenine paired with a cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds, making the interaction stable.
False
The primary transcript is always shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus during RNA processing.
False
Test your knowledge on proteins and DNA structure through questions on types of proteins, their functions, and base pairing in DNA and RNA. Identify different proteins discussed in the course and their roles. Determine the correct complementary base pairing of adenine in DNA and RNA.
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