Proteins and DNA Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein that has been discussed so far in this course?

  • Enzymes
  • Signaling proteins
  • Viral proteins (correct)
  • Structural proteins

    • Which of the following is the primary function of structural proteins?

  • To catalyze chemical reactions
  • To transmit signals between cells
  • To store and transport molecules within cells
  • To provide support and shape to cells and tissues (correct)

    • What is the role of signaling proteins in biological processes?

  • To provide structural support and maintain the shape of cells
  • To regulate gene expression and control cellular activities (correct)
  • To break down large molecules into smaller ones
  • To transport nutrients and waste products across cell membranes

    • Which of the following correctly describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in DNA and RNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the information carried by a DNA molecule?

    <p>The order of the bases in the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topics is NOT covered in the lecture outline provided?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the interaction between adenine and cytosine in a mutated DNA sequence considered unstable?

    <p>Because adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds, not three.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a true statement about RNA processing?

    <p>The primary transcript is often shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the instability of an A-C base pair in a mutated DNA sequence?

    <p>Adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds, not three.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a true statement about the processing of RNA molecules?

    <p>The final RNA molecule is always shorter than the primary transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the A-C base pair in a mutated DNA sequence considered unstable?

    <p>Adenine forms only two hydrogen bonds with cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

    <p>Catalyzing protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for mRNA to have a 5' cap and a polyA tail?

    <p>To prevent degradation of mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides a template for ordering nucleotides in an RNA transcript during transcription?

    <p>Template DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of RNA are involved in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction are mRNA base triplets (codons) read during translation?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To remove introns and join exons to form mature mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotes, what is the relationship between the primary transcript and mRNA?

    <p>The primary transcript is identical to the mRNA, and no processing is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about eukaryotic gene expression is correct?

    <p>About 90% of human genes contain at least one intron that is removed by RNA splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 5' cap added to the eukaryotic primary transcript?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of polyadenylation in eukaryotic RNA processing?

    <p>To protect the mRNA from degradation by exonucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of translation?

    <p>Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain using ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in translation?

    <p>To attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the wobble hypothesis proposed by Crick?

    <p>It explains how a single tRNA can recognize multiple codons, increasing the efficiency of translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ribosome structure is correct?

    <p>The ribosome contains three sites (A, P, and E) that accommodate tRNAs during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the P site in the ribosome during translation?

    <p>To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tRNAs is correct?

    <p>tRNAs bind to the ribosome through their anticodon sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the E site in the ribosome during translation?

    <p>To facilitate the release of uncharged tRNAs from the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adenine in DNA pairs with uracil in RNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The information carried by a DNA molecule is in the sugars and phosphates forming its backbone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription is the process of translating RNA into proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA Processing occurs before Transcription in the central dogma of molecular biology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wobble hypothesis primarily focuses on the structure of DNA molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomes are responsible for RNA Processing in eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An intron is a part of the mRNA molecule that takes part in polypeptide synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA polymerase starts transcribing a gene at a specific nucleotide sequence called a promoter.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotes, the primary transcript is always identical to the mRNA molecule that is translated by ribosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ribosome directs RNA polymerase to the correct portion of the DNA molecule to start transcription.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA polymerase starts transcribing a gene at the AUG start codon.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic primary transcripts do not undergo any modifications before being translated into proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TRNA acts to translate the message from RNA polymerase to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA splicing is the process of removing exons from the primary transcript and leaving the introns intact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail to the eukaryotic primary transcript is necessary for the stability and efficient translation of the mRNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately 10% of human genes contain at least one intron that needs to be spliced out during RNA processing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation occur within the same cellular compartment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An intron is an RNA sequence that remains in the mature, translated mRNA after splicing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alternative RNA splicing enables a single gene to code for multiple distinct protein products.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA transcripts protects the mRNA from degradation and facilitates ribosome binding during translation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The poly(A) tail, consisting of 100-250 adenine nucleotides, is added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts to facilitate translation termination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mature mRNA transcripts in eukaryotes lack any untranslated regions (UTRs).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $2x^2 + 3x - 5 = 0$ has two distinct real roots.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Introns are removed from the primary transcript before the mature mRNA leaves the nucleus during RNA processing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During RNA processing, exons are the sequences that are retained and assembled to form the mature mRNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail to the primary transcript occurs in prokaryotes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that can participate in the splicing of introns from the primary transcript.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mutated DNA sequence, an adenine paired with a cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds, making the interaction stable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary transcript is always shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus during RNA processing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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