32 Questions
Which elements are commonly found in proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Calcium
What are the simplest structural units of protein molecules?
Amino acids
What does the human body produce a large number of through metabolism?
Different amino acids
Which group of organic compounds do amino acids belong to?
Amino acids
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from food
What is the function of blood circulation in relation to proteins?
Carrying amino acids to cells for protein synthesis
Which type of amino acids can the body produce but in insufficient quantities?
Essential amino acids
What is the main function of albumins in the body?
Transport fatty acids between tissues and organs
Which type of proteins dissolve in water but do not coagulate with heat and play a role in genetic transfer?
Protamine
Which type of complex proteins have undergone partial degradation, such as the decomposition of proteins into proteases and proteoses into peptones?
Derived proteins
Which type of proteins result from the union of a protein with nucleic acid?
Nucleoproteins
Which group of blood proteins can be used to help diagnose liver damage or disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer?
Globulins
Which amino acid has its chemical reactions disrupted due to a change in its structure?
$Ethionine$
What is the main function of globulins in the body?
$Play$ an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection
Which type of proteins can be combined with other substances resulting in glycoproteins?
Conjugated proteins
Which type of proteins are normal amino acids that the body can produce or take from food?
Non-essential amino acids
What are the main components of proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What is the role of amino acids in the body?
They are the building blocks of proteins
What characterizes essential amino acids?
The body cannot produce them and must obtain them from food
In what form do amino acids enter the blood circulation?
Free proteins
What do cells choose from the 'cell pool' to build necessary proteins?
Amino acids
What are proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides in relation to protein molecules?
Intermediate forms of protein degradation
Which type of proteins are complex proteins that have undergone partial degradation, such as the decomposition of proteins into proteases and proteoses into peptones?
Derived proteins
What type of proteins result from the union of a protein with nucleic acid?
Nucleoproteins
Which amino acid has its chemical reactions disrupted due to a change in its structure?
Ethionine
What is the main function of albumins in the body?
Transporting fatty acids between tissues and organs
Which type of amino acids can the body produce but in insufficient quantities?
Histidine, arginine
What are the nature of the decomposition products of simple proteins?
Amino acids only
What is the main role of globulins in the body?
Blood clotting
Which group of blood proteins can be used to help diagnose liver damage or disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer?
Globulins
Which type of proteins dissolve in water but do not coagulate with heat?
What type of proteins are soluble in acids, alkalis and salt solutions, but do not dissolve in water?
Globulins
Study Notes
- Proteins are organic materials commonly found in animal protoplasm and among living matter.
- Proteins consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (PH), calcium (Ca), and other elements.
- Protein molecules are complex, made up of amino acids as their simplest structural units.
- Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins and peptides, consisting of an amine group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).
- Essential amino acids (valine, leucine, tryptophan) cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through food.
- Semi-essential amino acids (histidine, arginine) can be produced by the body but in insufficient quantities.
- Non-essential amino acids make up the rest of the amino acids.
- Simple proteins decompose into three types: histones (main component of chromosomes, dissolve in water but not diluted ammonia), albumins (dissolve in water, coagulate with heat, found in blood serum), and globulins (soluble in acids, alkalis, and salt solutions but not water, produced in the liver by the immune system).
- Protamine dissolves in water but does not coagulate with heat, plays a significant role in transferring genetic characteristics and regulating biological reactions.
- Conjugated proteins involve simple proteins combined with other substances, with three types: glycoproteins (proteins bound with carbohydrates), nucleoproteins (proteins united with nucleic acid), and lipoproteins (proteins combined with fat).
- Derived proteins are complex proteins that undergo partial degradation, including proteoses, peptones, and proteases.
Test your knowledge about proteins and amino acids with this quiz. Learn about the components of proteins, their structure, and different forms such as proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides.
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