Proteins and Amino Acids Overview
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Questions and Answers

Considering the artwork provided, which nutrients are likely present in the still life?

  • Primarily carbohydrates and saturated fats.
  • Only vitamins with very little protein or fat.
  • Significant amounts of proteins and unsaturated fats. (correct)
  • Mostly water and minerals with negligible proteins.

    • If the walnuts in the still life were replaced with apples, what change would be most significant?

  • Increase in the amount of proteins available.
  • Decrease in the amount of unsaturated fats. (correct)
  • Decrease in the amount of simple sugars.
  • Increase in the amount of saturated fats.

    • Which of the following preparation methods is NOT suitable to improve protein digestibility of only the eggs?

  • Boiling the eggs until both the white and yolk are solid.
  • Scrambling the egg thoroughly at a high temperature. (correct)
  • Lightly poaching the eggs to maintain a runny yolk.
  • Frying the egg in oil until the whites are firm.

    • If someone is allergic to eggs, which of the following should they consume to get similar amounts of protein?

    <p>Tofu. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The artwork includes copper vessels. Although not a direct nutrient, which of the following is a potential health implication related to consuming food prepared in such vessels?

    <p>Copper toxicity if the vessels are not properly lined and if acidic food is prepared. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three components define the structure of an amino acid?

    <p>An amine group (-NH2), a carboxylic acid (-COOH), and a side chain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines a protein's unique characteristics?

    <p>The arrangement of amino acids and its three-dimensional shape. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some amino acids classified as 'essential'?

    <p>The body cannot synthesize them, so they must be obtained from the diet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances might an amino acid be classified as 'conditionally essential'?

    <p>When the body's need for it exceeds its capacity to produce it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bodily function relies on proteins like actin and myosin?

    <p>Muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of proteins in the human body?

    <p>Regulating the osmotic balance of bodily fluids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source is considered a complete source of essential amino acids?

    <p>Eggs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone primarily consumes incomplete protein sources, what dietary strategy can they employ to obtain all essential amino acids?

    <p>Combine different incomplete protein sources in meals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Proteins

    Large molecules made of amino acids essential for body functions.

    Amino Acids

    Organic compounds that combine to form proteins, they are the building blocks of life.

    Protein Functions

    Proteins serve various functions including structure, transport, and enzymatic activity.

    Sources of Protein

    Common sources include meat, dairy, beans, and nuts.

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    Protein Synthesis

    The process by which cells create new proteins based on genetic information.

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    Essential Amino Acids

    Amino acids that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them.

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    Non-Essential Amino Acids

    Amino acids that the body can synthesize and do not need to be obtained from the diet.

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    Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

    Amino acids that are typically non-essential, but may become essential under certain conditions.

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    Functions of Proteins

    Proteins serve various roles including structure, enzymes, hormones, and transport.

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    Food Sources of Proteins

    Proteins derived from foods like meat, fish, eggs, and some plants; can be complete or incomplete.

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    Polypeptide

    A sequence of amino acids linked together in a chain, which folds to become a protein.

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    Study Notes

    Proteins

    • Proteins are polymers made of amino acids
    • Amino acids are molecules with an amine group (-NH₂), a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), and a side chain that differs in each amino acid.
    • A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids
    • A protein is a polypeptide folded into a specific, complex 3D shape. This shape determines its function.
    • Each protein has a unique amino acid sequence that defines its specific shape.

    Amino Acids

    • 20 amino acids are coded by DNA and used by living organisms.
    • Essential amino acids must be obtained from food because the body cannot produce them.
    • Non-essential amino acids can be produced by the body.
    • Conditionally essential amino acids are normally produced by the body, but in certain conditions, they might need to be obtained from food. (Examples in the provided text)

    Protein Functions

    • Proteins have diverse functions in the body, including:
      • Structure: Examples include keratin and collagen
      • Enzymes: Examples include lactase
      • Hormones: Examples include somatotropin and insulin
      • Muscle contraction: Examples include actin and myosin
      • Immune system: Examples include antibodies
      • Transport and cellular communication: Example includes hemoglobin
      • Energy source

    Food Sources of Proteins

    • Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids. Examples include eggs, meat, fish, milk products, soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth.
    • Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids. Examples include legumes, grains, nuts, seeds, some vegetables, and some fruits. Combining incomplete protein sources can provide a full assortment of essential amino acids.

    Review Questions

    • What are the "building blocks" of proteins?: Amino acids
    • What is the difference between essential, non-essential, and conditionally essential amino acids?: Essential amino acids must be obtained from food; non-essential amino acids can be produced by the body; and conditionally essential amino acids are normally produced but might need to be obtained from food under certain conditions.
    • What are functions of proteins in the body?: The functions include structural components like keratin and collagen, enzymatic activities like lactase, hormonal roles like insulin and somatotropin, and more.
    • What are the main food sources of proteins?: Complete proteins, such as eggs, meat, and milk; and incomplete proteins, such as legumes, grains, and nuts. Combining incomplete proteins can often provide all essential amino acids.

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    Related Documents

    Proteins - NATS1560 Understanding Food PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of proteins and amino acids, including their structures, functions, and classifications. Learn about essential and non-essential amino acids, as well as the role proteins play in the body through their unique shapes and sequences.

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