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Questions and Answers
What happens during the initiation phase of translation?
What occurs during the elongation phase of translation?
What occurs when a stop codon is reached during translation?
What is the role of the first tRNA during translation initiation?
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What is the function of the ribosome during the termination phase of translation?
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Study Notes
Translation Initiation Phase
- The initiation phase marks the beginning of translation, where the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA
- The first tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA
- The large ribosomal subunit then joins the complex, forming a complete ribosome
Translation Elongation Phase
- The elongation phase involves the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain
- Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules, which recognize the codons on the mRNA
- Peptide bonds are formed between consecutive amino acids, elongating the polypeptide chain
Stop Codon and Termination
- When a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached during translation, protein synthesis is terminated
- The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide chain, and the mRNA is released from the ribosome
- The ribosome then dissociates into its large and small subunits, marking the end of translation
Role of the First tRNA
- The first tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, plays a crucial role in translation initiation by binding to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA
- This binding is necessary for the assembly of the ribosome and the initiation of protein synthesis
Role of the Ribosome During Termination
- During the termination phase, the ribosome releases the completed polypeptide chain and the mRNA
- The ribosome then dissociates into its large and small subunits, allowing it to recycle for further translation events
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Description
Test your knowledge of protein translation and post-translational modifications with this quiz. Explore topics such as translocation, transpeptidation, translational control, and protein turnover. This quiz is designed by Dr. Naresh Kumar Manda, an expert in Agricultural Biotechnology from Punjab Agricultural University.
