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Questions and Answers
What are the steps of transcription?
What are the steps of transcription?
What happens during initiation of transcription?
What happens during initiation of transcription?
The RNA polymerase binds to a DNA molecule at the promoter region (the TATA box).
What happens during elongation of transcription?
What happens during elongation of transcription?
RNA binds to DNA and reads the DNA strands, using one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into mRNA.
What happens during termination of transcription?
What happens during termination of transcription?
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What is the process that makes the nucleotide chain functional?
What is the process that makes the nucleotide chain functional?
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What happens during mRNA processing?
What happens during mRNA processing?
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What happens during translation?
What happens during translation?
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What are the sites for tRNA attachment called?
What are the sites for tRNA attachment called?
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What is the start codon?
What is the start codon?
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What are the stop codons?
What are the stop codons?
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How many amino acids and codons are there?
How many amino acids and codons are there?
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What happens during initiation during translation?
What happens during initiation during translation?
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What happens during elongation during translation?
What happens during elongation during translation?
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What happens during termination during translation?
What happens during termination during translation?
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Study Notes
Transcription Process
- Transcription involves three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Initiation of Transcription
- RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA, particularly at the TATA box.
Elongation of Transcription
- RNA reads the DNA strands using one strand as a template and assembles nucleotides to form mRNA.
Termination of Transcription
- RNA polymerase encounters a termination signal, leading to the release of mRNA and the polymerase from the DNA strand.
mRNA Processing
- This process modifies the nucleotide chain to make it functional by removing introns (non-coding sequences) and joining exons (coding sequences).
- A guanine triphosphate cap is added to the 5' end, while a poly A tail is added to the 3' end, allowing the mRNA to exit the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation Process
- During translation, mRNA directs the synthesis of proteins.
tRNA Attachment Sites
- The ribosome has three sites for tRNA attachment: E (exit), P (peptidyl), and A (aminoacyl).
Start Codon
- The start codon is AUG, which signals the incorporation of the amino acid methionine (MET) into the growing polypeptide chain.
Stop Codons
- There are three stop codons: UAG, UAA, and UGA, which signal the end of protein synthesis.
Codons and Amino Acids
- There are 64 possible codons, which code for 20 different amino acids.
Initiation of Translation
- Ribosomes attach to mRNA at the start codon, facilitating the delivery of amino acids by tRNA that match the codons.
Elongation During Translation
- New tRNA molecules fill the A and P sites of the ribosome, resulting in the sequential addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
Termination During Translation
- The process concludes when the ribosome reaches a stop codon, leading to the release of mRNA from the ribosome, completing protein synthesis.
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Description
Explore the essential steps of transcription in protein synthesis with these flashcards. Each card details critical processes such as initiation, elongation, and termination to enhance your understanding of molecular biology.
