RNA Polymerase and Transcription Steps

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What is the process of copying DNA information into RNA called?

Translation

Transcription (correct)

Replication

Gene expression

Where does RNA go after being synthesized in transcription?

Cytoplasm (correct)

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Coding Strand

Sense Strand

Antisense Strand (correct)

Non-template Strand

What kind of molecules initiate transcription at specific sites on chromosomes?

Transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA strand has a sequence that determines what amino acids are produced through mRNA?

Sense Strand Signup and view all the answers

What replaces Thymine (T) in RNA during transcription?

Uracil (U) Signup and view all the answers

Which model of DNA replication was ruled out by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1957?

Conservative model Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Unwinds the parental double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

Adds short primer to template strand Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA replication start?

Origins of transcription Signup and view all the answers

What are the sites at which single-stranded DNA is exposed during DNA replication called?

Replication bubbles Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

Ligase Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction in which RNA polymerase reads the template?

3' to 5' Signup and view all the answers

What are the required ribonucleotides for the process catalyzed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of transcription as described in the text?

Transcription Initiation Signup and view all the answers

What does the TATA box bind to in the promoter region of a gene?

Guanine Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize the RNA molecule during transcription?

5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

What allows RNA polymerase to begin making RNA during transcription?

Formation of a pocket by transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a terminator sequence in the DNA?

Indicates where the gene's RNA-encoding region ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of introns in mRNA processing?

Removed during mRNA maturation Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the 5' end of mRNA during RNA processing?

Methylated cap Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a poly A tail at the 3' end of mRNA?

Stabilizes the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA strand has a sequence identical to that of RNA except with thymine (T) instead of uracil (U)?

Coding strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in RNA processing before mature mRNA exits the nucleus?

Splicing occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of introns in the process of protein translation?

Introns are removed and the remaining exons are translated into proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Why does a codon include more than one mRNA base?

To ensure each amino acid is uniquely specified. Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the genetic code overlapped?

The number of amino acids specified would remain the same. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of AUG in the genetic code?

AUG specifies the start codon. Signup and view all the answers

How do different cell types use versions of the same protein differently?

Cell types combine exons in different ways. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the genetic code need to include controls?

Controls direct when translation starts and stops. Signup and view all the answers