30 Questions
What is the process of copying DNA information into RNA called?
Transcription
Where does RNA go after being synthesized in transcription?
Cytoplasm
Which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?
Antisense Strand
What kind of molecules initiate transcription at specific sites on chromosomes?
Transcription factors
Which RNA strand has a sequence that determines what amino acids are produced through mRNA?
Sense Strand
What replaces Thymine (T) in RNA during transcription?
Uracil (U)
Which model of DNA replication was ruled out by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1957?
Conservative model
What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?
Unwinds the parental double helix
What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
Adds short primer to template strand
Where does DNA replication start?
Origins of transcription
What are the sites at which single-stranded DNA is exposed during DNA replication called?
Replication bubbles
What is the enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?
Ligase
What is the direction in which RNA polymerase reads the template?
3' to 5'
What are the required ribonucleotides for the process catalyzed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase?
ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP
What is the first step in the process of transcription as described in the text?
Transcription Initiation
What does the TATA box bind to in the promoter region of a gene?
Guanine
In which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize the RNA molecule during transcription?
5' to 3'
What allows RNA polymerase to begin making RNA during transcription?
Formation of a pocket by transcription factors
What is the function of a terminator sequence in the DNA?
Indicates where the gene's RNA-encoding region ends
What is the role of introns in mRNA processing?
Removed during mRNA maturation
What is added to the 5' end of mRNA during RNA processing?
Methylated cap
What is the function of a poly A tail at the 3' end of mRNA?
Stabilizes the mRNA
Which DNA strand has a sequence identical to that of RNA except with thymine (T) instead of uracil (U)?
Coding strand
What is the final step in RNA processing before mature mRNA exits the nucleus?
Splicing occurs
What is the function of introns in the process of protein translation?
Introns are removed and the remaining exons are translated into proteins.
Why does a codon include more than one mRNA base?
To ensure each amino acid is uniquely specified.
What would happen if the genetic code overlapped?
The number of amino acids specified would remain the same.
What is the role of AUG in the genetic code?
AUG specifies the start codon.
How do different cell types use versions of the same protein differently?
Cell types combine exons in different ways.
Why does the genetic code need to include controls?
Controls direct when translation starts and stops.
Learn about RNA Polymerase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, and the three essential steps of transcription: Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. Understand the process of reading the DNA template from 3’ to 5’ and the requirement of all four ribonucleotides (ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP).
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