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Protein Synthesis Termination

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of peptidyl-tRNA in the translation process?

To bond with the incoming amino acid during elongation (correct)

To release the nascent protein from the ribosome

To move from A site to P site during translocation

To recognize termination codons

What is the primary mechanism of translation regulation?

Phosphorylation of eIF-2 (correct)

Hydrolysis of peptide bonds

Recognition of termination codons

Phosphorylation of eIF-4

During translocation, where is the uncharged tRNA moved from?

P site to E site (correct)

E site to A site

A site to P site

P site to A site

What recognizes the termination codons during translation?

Release factors (RF-1, RF-2, eRF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the signal recognition particle (SRP)?

To target proteins to the RER during synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolysis of the bond linking the peptide to the tRNA at the P site?

Nascent protein is released from the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pribnow box in transcription initiation?

To unwind a short stretch of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of transcription in prokaryotes?

5' → 3' direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sigma factor in transcription?

To recognize the promoter sequence during initiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of the antibiotic Rifampin?

It binds to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and prevents chain growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the RNA-DNA hybrid helix during elongation?

It is a short, unstable double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Rho protein in transcription termination?

It unwinds the RNA-DNA hybrid helix and releases the RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nitrous acid deaminating cytosine and adenine?

Formation of hypoxanthine Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair process is used to correct lesions involving base alterations or loss?

Base excision repair (BER) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of specific AP endonucleases in base excision repair?

They initiate the process of excision and gap filling by making an endonucleolytic cut Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of double-strand breaks in DNA?

There is no template for replacing missing nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)?

It is an error-prone and mutagenic mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of homologous recombination (HR)?

It uses enzymes that normally perform genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis Signup and view all the answers