18 Questions
What is the function of peptidyl-tRNA in the translation process?
To bond with the incoming amino acid during elongation
What is the primary mechanism of translation regulation?
Phosphorylation of eIF-2
During translocation, where is the uncharged tRNA moved from?
P site to E site
What recognizes the termination codons during translation?
Release factors (RF-1, RF-2, eRF)
What is the function of the signal recognition particle (SRP)?
To target proteins to the RER during synthesis
What is the result of hydrolysis of the bond linking the peptide to the tRNA at the P site?
Nascent protein is released from the ribosome
What is the function of the Pribnow box in transcription initiation?
To unwind a short stretch of DNA
What is the direction of transcription in prokaryotes?
5' → 3' direction
What is the role of the sigma factor in transcription?
To recognize the promoter sequence during initiation
What is the mechanism of action of the antibiotic Rifampin?
It binds to the RNA polymerase holoenzyme and prevents chain growth
What is the characteristic of the RNA-DNA hybrid helix during elongation?
It is a short, unstable double helix
What is the role of the Rho protein in transcription termination?
It unwinds the RNA-DNA hybrid helix and releases the RNA
What is the result of nitrous acid deaminating cytosine and adenine?
Formation of hypoxanthine
What type of repair process is used to correct lesions involving base alterations or loss?
Base excision repair (BER)
What is the role of specific AP endonucleases in base excision repair?
They initiate the process of excision and gap filling by making an endonucleolytic cut
What is the consequence of double-strand breaks in DNA?
There is no template for replacing missing nucleotides
What is the characteristic of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)?
It is an error-prone and mutagenic mechanism
What is the role of homologous recombination (HR)?
It uses enzymes that normally perform genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Learn about the process of protein synthesis termination, including the role of release factors, termination codons, and the release of the nascent protein from the ribosome.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
