Questions and Answers
What is the 1st step of protein synthesis?
transcription
What is the 2nd step of protein synthesis?
translation
Where does the first step of protein synthesis occur?
nucleus
Where does the second step of protein synthesis occur?
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How many nitrogen bases are read at a time during protein synthesis?
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What are codons?
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What are anticodons?
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What is the start codon always?
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What are the stop codons?
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What makes proteins?
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What happens during transcription?
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What happens during translation?
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What does mRNA stand for?
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What does tRNA stand for?
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What does rRNA stand for?
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What does A pair with under normal conditions?
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What does G pair with under normal conditions?
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When mRNA is being built, what do we use instead of T?
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Study Notes
Protein Synthesis Overview
- Protein Synthesis Steps: Involves two main processes - transcription and translation.
Transcription
- First Step Location: Occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
- Process: DNA is unzipped, allowing mRNA to transcribe a complementary strand from the DNA template.
- Outcome: mRNA strand leaves the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm for further processing.
Translation
- Second Step Location: Takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Process: mRNA attaches to a ribosome and is read in sets of three nitrogen bases (codons).
- Role of tRNA: Transfer RNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome to facilitate protein synthesis.
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Signaling Codons:
- Start codon is always AUG.
- Stop codons include UAA, UGA, and UAG, which signal termination of protein synthesis.
Codons and Anticodons
- Codons: Sets of three bases found on the mRNA strand that dictate amino acid sequence.
- Anticodons: Complementary sets of three bases on the tRNA strand that match codons on mRNA.
Essential Molecules
- mRNA (Messenger RNA): Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
- tRNA (Transfer RNA): Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation.
- rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): Forms the structural and functional components of ribosomes.
Base Pairing
- Normal Pairing: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) in DNA, while Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
- mRNA Synthesis: Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T) when constructing mRNA.
Protein Composition
- Protein Structure: Proteins are formed by linking multiple amino acids in a specific sequence dictated by the codons of mRNA.
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Description
Explore the essential processes of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation. This quiz covers the key locations, steps, and components involved in creating proteins from DNA. Test your knowledge on codons, anticodons, and the role of mRNA and tRNA.
