Podcast
Questions and Answers
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?
- DNA Polymerase
- Primase
- Helicase (correct)
- Ligase
Which of the following accurately describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
- It carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome.
- It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
- It delivers amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence. (correct)
- It forms the structural component of ribosomes.
In genetics, what is the term for different forms of a gene found at the same locus on a chromosome?
In genetics, what is the term for different forms of a gene found at the same locus on a chromosome?
- Alleles (correct)
- Genotypes
- Traits
- Hybrids
Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross if both parents are heterozygous for a specific trait, assuming simple Mendelian inheritance?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross if both parents are heterozygous for a specific trait, assuming simple Mendelian inheritance?
Which of Gregor Mendel's laws states that allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation?
Which of Gregor Mendel's laws states that allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation?
In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the flow of genetic information?
In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the flow of genetic information?
What term describes the manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology?
What term describes the manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology?
If a human female has two copies of a recessive allele for a sex-linked trait, what is the probability that her son will also express this trait?
If a human female has two copies of a recessive allele for a sex-linked trait, what is the probability that her son will also express this trait?
During DNA replication, which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
During DNA replication, which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
Flashcards
Translation
Translation
The process of converting RNA into a protein. This occurs at the ribosome.
Transcription
Transcription
The process of converting DNA into RNA. This is the first step in gene expression.
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
The process where cells make proteins. It includes transcription and translation.
Helicase
Helicase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primase
Primase
Signup and view all the flashcards
DNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Enzyme
Enzyme
Signup and view all the flashcards
tRNA
tRNA
Signup and view all the flashcards
mRNA
mRNA
Signup and view all the flashcards
DNA
DNA
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Translation: The process of converting mRNA into a protein.
- Transcription: The process of copying DNA into mRNA.
- Protein Synthesis: The creation of proteins from amino acids, based on genetic information encoded in DNA and RNA.
- Helicase: An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds.
- Primase: An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers, which serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
- DNA Polymerase: An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a primer.
- Enzyme: A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions.
- tRNA (transfer RNA): A type of RNA molecule that helps decode mRNA sequence into a protein by bringing amino acids to the ribosome.
- mRNA (messenger RNA): A type of RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): A molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all known living organisms and many viruses.
- Central Dogma: The process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
- Sex Linkage: The inheritance pattern of genes located on sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans).
- Genetics: The study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
- Genetic Engineering: The modification of an organism's genes using biotechnology
- Hybrid: The offspring resulting from the cross between parents with different genetic traits.
- Dihybrid: A hybrid cross that involves two different genes.
- Traits: Specific characteristics of an organism.
- Alleles: Different versions of a gene.
- Flemming: Known for discovering chromatin.
Central Dogma (Base Pairing)
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) in DNA and Uracil (U) in RNA.
- Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
- Base pairing is fundamental to DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Gregor Mendel's 3 Laws
- Law of Segregation: Each individual has two alleles for each trait; these alleles separate during gamete formation, with each gamete receiving only one allele.
- Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.
- Law of Dominance: If the two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the dominant allele, determines the organism's appearance; the other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism.
Punnett Square
- A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a genetic cross.
- It organizes all possible combinations of parental alleles.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
